Calculation of heating radiators by area and volume of the

Calculation of heating radiators during the construction of a private house or major repairs of a city apartment, the procedure is mandatory. In this case, it does not play a big role, which heaters are used. Cast iron, steel, aluminum or bimetal, all these units have their own design capacity, on which they are based in the calculations. The calculator for calculating radiators is a great thing, but what if it is not around? We will try to answer this question.

Important: making such calculations, design engineers use more than a dozen different kinds of prescriptions and definitions. But the basic code of regulations is considered to be SNiP 41-01-2003. It is on him that the controlling authorities rely in the process of accepting the object.

How to get indicative data

It is not always necessary to accurately calculate the number of radiators. Doing a major overhaul in a city apartment, you will be quite enough indicative data that can be obtained in a couple of minutes based on standard averages.

Calculate the size of the battery on the area of ​​the room

This method is considered the most simple and great for apartment owners in standard urban high-rises. In high-rise buildings, it is in principle unrealistic to significantly affect most of the parameters of a room, which is why it often makes no sense to go deeper into the complex heat engineering calculations.

According to an approved SNiP, in order to heat 1m? apartment residents of the central part of our great country need 100 watts. This value is taken as the average for apartments with standard insulation and ceilings no higher than 3m. Under the same conditions in the north, 150-200 W will be needed. In southern areas, as a rule, they are oriented at 60 watts.

Instructions for any battery contains data on its power. You just have to multiply the square of the room by 100 W and divide by the nameplate power of one section of your chosen radiator.

Important: according to the approved rules, the documentation on the battery indicates the power that the section will issue at a coolant temperature of 70 ° C. If the temperature in the system is lower, the heat output will proportionally decrease and more sections will need to be installed. In this case, it is convenient to use the calculator for calculating the number of radiators, where you can set the actual temperature.

As we have said, this method of calculation is approximate, such details as the presence of a balcony, the number and size of windows in the room, as well as a number of other amendments are not clearly taken into account. In order to compensate for all these types of heat losses, it is customary to increase the final figure by 20%. If the calculation is carried out for the kitchen, then you can leave everything as it is, without taking heat losses into account. Since the kitchen has additional sources of heat.

Dependence of the number of sections on the volume of the room

This method is preferred by owners of open-plan apartments with high ceilings. He also fits well when you need to calculate the size of the battery in a private cottage or a room with two or more levels.

The calculation of the required number of radiators here is based on the volume of the room. That is, first you need to count the number of cubic meters, multiplying the length, width and height.

As in the first case, the conditional data is taken as the basis. It is believed that for the center of Russia for heating 1m? in a panel house with a standard warmth, you need 41 watts of energy. For brick walls with a thickness of 2 or more bricks, as well as for private houses with enhanced insulation we need 34 watts. Knowing the volume of the room and the power of 1 section, it is easy to calculate the number of sections.

For example, the volume of the kitchen in a brick house of an old building of three by four meters with a ceiling height of 4 meters will be 48m? (3x4x4 = 48). Accordingly, for its heating it is necessary 1,632 KW (48x34 = 1.632). The average power section of the well-known cast-iron battery MS-140 is 160 watts. Now 1,632 kW, divide by 160 W and get 10.2 sections.

Since we considered for the kitchen, you can round it down. For other rooms, it is customary to round up. Plus, to compensate for all sorts of heat loss in ordinary rooms, the final value is increased by 20%.

Tip: In order not to bother with an approximate calculation of the number of batteries in typical buildings, a table has been developed for calculating radiators. This is a convenient device, it is often used by consultants of hardware stores.

Exact Calculations

The exact calculation of heating radiators, as a rule, is carried out during the construction of a private house or during the overhaul of modern apartments with a free layout. The price of high-quality bimetallic, steel or cast-iron radiators is quite high, so each extra section has a significant impact on the budget.

Making accurate calculations with your own hands is not as difficult as it may seem. The principle of calculation itself is not much different from the previous options, the basic formula is quite simple. The whole problem is in the competent selection of a number of factors, each of which is responsible for the specific features and characteristics of the building.

CT = NхSхК1хК2хК3хК4хК5хК6хК7

• In this case (CT) this is the required amount of heat needed to maintain a comfortable temperature in the room around 20? С;
• (N) is a constant value and characterizes the tabular amount of heat per square meter. This is the same value that we used in the approximate calculation based on quadrature. 100 W for the center of Russia, 150–200 W for the North and 60 W for the South;
• (S) in our formula, it is the area of ​​the premises for which the heating is calculated;

Next comes a series of raising and lowering coefficients, which are actually responsible for the main characteristics of the building.

• K1 is responsible for the level and quality of the glazing of the building:

• Old wooden frames with two panes will have a factor of 1.27;
• Modern plastic with double glazing conditionally taken as a unit;
• Reinforced triple glazed frames count as 0.85;

• K3 is responsible for the coldest week of the year, more precisely for the average temperature over 7 days at the peak of winter frosts. Here we make a start from -10? С.

Further, with each decrease in temperature by -5? С, 0.2 is added to the coefficient:

• So at -10? With the value of 0.7 is taken;
• At -15? С is taken the value of 0.9;
• At -20? With a value of 1.1 is taken;
• At -25? With a value of 1.3;
• At -30? C, a value of 1.5 is taken, and so on;

• К4 characterizes the percentage ratio of the floor squaring to the window glazing area.

Here there is also a certain regularity with an increase in the area by 10%, the coefficient increases by 0.1:

• For 10%, the value is 0.8;
• For 20%, the value is 0.9;
• For 30%, the value is 1;
• For 40%, the value is 1.1;
• For 50%, the value is 1.2, and so on;

• K5 characterizes the room located on the next, upper floor:

• Here it is common to take an unheated attic as a unit;
• For a warm attic, this value will be 0.9;
• If a residential apartment is located above, then the coefficient will be equal to 0.8;

Here the step goes upwards, for every half meter the value increases by 0.05:

• The ceiling height of 2.5m is considered a reference and is taken as a unit;
• A three-meter ceiling will have a ratio of 1.05;
• Three and a half meters 1.1, etc.

When you have decided on the coefficients, carried out the calculation and finally obtained the amount of heat, it, as in the previous cases, will need to be divided by the heat capacity of 1 section.

The video in this article shows examples of calculations.

Conclusion

Of course, the calculation of heating radiators with the help of the calculator program is incomparably more convenient and faster. But as you can see, even in the absence of such an assistant, it is quite realistic to do an exact calculation with your own hands.