Heating radiators: types and principles of choice

Both autonomous and centralized heating of an apartment (private house) needs heating appliances, and this could be Russian, Polish, Czech, Finnish, German or Italian heating radiators. All of them work according to the same principle, although these principles, like materials of manufacture, can differ greatly in one group or another (line) of products of this type.

We will now try to make out in detail the principle of operation of such devices. We will tell about the materials and see a thematic video clip to consolidate the material.

Radiators

general review

• To begin with, all radiators that are used for heating industrial, industrial, public and residential buildings and premises can be divided into two types - water and electrical (they are oil) appliances. That is, in the first liquid is used as a coolant (most often it is ordinary or distilled water with any additives), and in the second type of devices, liquid is also used, but this is already oil.
• In addition, heating radiators can be classified as sectional, lamellar, tubular (columnar) and panel. Such a structure affects not only the amount of coolant that holds a certain device, but also the method of transferring thermal energy into the room.

• When choosing radiators for heating, one of the leading criteria is the metal from which they are made, since their heat emission and the market value also depend on this. The most popular can be called cast iron - such devices can be found in almost most city apartments, if they have not been changed by tenants for appliances made from other materials, since according to the project, almost all houses used cast iron.
• Also, for high pressure in the system, steel can be used - such a heater radiator is extremely durable and can withstand almost any pressure that can be in our systems. But it has a serious drawback - it is susceptibility to corrosion.
• The most advantageous and convenient can be called bimetallic radiators - heating of any type will function with them, as well as possible.. The walls of this device consist of a layer of steel coated with aluminum - such a double case turns out to be very durable and has a high heat transfer.
• And finally, autonomous heating - aluminum radiators, which have excellent heat transfer, and, thanks to modern technology, are quite durable. But, despite all the advantages, they have two serious drawbacks - this is a fairly high price and the need to refill the system with distilled water with various special impurities.

Design features

Of course, the quality of the heating of the room, first of all, is influenced by the device of the heating radiator, which includes its design features, heat transfer capacity, capacity and the possibility of cleaning from dust (complicates heat transfer). A secondary factor is the cost of the device and its design or the ability to install a fence in the form of a decorative grid.

Now let's consider what factors determine the high heat dissipation of the battery - it is the design and materials, the speed of the fluid in the device and the speed of its washing with air, the temperature difference between the battery and the air in the room, the method of installation and even the color and composition of paint.

It is noteworthy that a special enamel is produced for light-colored radiators, which can significantly reduce searches, so that colored devices are not just moveton, but a sign of technical illiteracy of the owners.

Most often, you can find sectional type devices that can be made of cast iron, steel, aluminum or two metals at the same time (bimetal or steel coated with aluminum). In such devices, a convective heating method occurs.

That is, heat is given off with the help of air that passes through them - the liquid heats the metal surface of the so-called accordion, and the air is heated from contact with the metal and, moving from top to bottom, enters the room. It should be noted that you can always find such Russian-made devices at reasonable prices for sale.

Such devices are made of high quality cold-rolled steel and can consist of one, two or three panels, which are interconnected by metal plates, increasing the convective heating of the air moving along the planes.

It turns out that narrow single-panel devices are able to give temperature only by radiation, but two-or three-panel - due to convection, so the comparison will always be in favor of the latter. Of course, such devices have greater efficiency than sectional ones and produce them with side and bottom liner.

In appearance, tubular type heating devices are very similar to sectional ones. Yes, and the general design of such devices is made on the same principle: horizontal collectors are interconnected by vertical tubes or columns, from which the name for determining their type originated.

But these batteries have a significant difference - they do not understand the sections, therefore, they can not be increased or decreased, otherwise, it will get modern home-made devices. As a rule, such constructions are made either from steel or from cast iron; in appearance, they are distinguished by one, two, three or four vertical tubes in a row, and not two, like the sectional ones.

Materials

If we talk about fame, the highest rating will gain cast-iron batteries, which are familiar to all residents of high-rise buildings and even for some reason are still used in some cases for independent heating.

If we talk about the floor construction, they are very comfortable there, because in the vast majority of apartments there is central heating, and there are no individual meters. The fact is that the cast iron heats up for a long time, but it also gives up the accumulated heat energy for a long time - this happens due to the thick walls of the device.

Such radiators, as a rule, withstand a working pressure of 9 to 12 bar, and the pressing pressure is generally up to 16 bar, with a maximum water temperature of 110 ° C and with a heat output of one section of 100–160 W (the accompanying instructions specify these parameters more accurately). But the problem is that due to the large capacity it is necessary to heat more water, therefore, for independent heating such devices are extremely disadvantageous.

In the upper photo you see steel tubular PURMO, but, in fact, it is no different from the same ZEHNDER, DELONGHI or any other similar models from other companies, therefore, in this case, we are only interested in metal walls.

So, for panel radiators of steel, the working pressure is about 6-10 bar, and for tubular ones it is 8-15 bar, which is quite enough even for tall buildings, where the working pressure in the system reaches 8-10 atmospheres. The power of one model can be of the order of 1200-1600W, and the maximum temperature that does not damage the integrity of the device can reach 110-120? C.

Despite the great strength, such radiators are susceptible to corrosion, but this process is most dangerous at the time when water is drained from the system or some part of it is airborne.

A natural chemical reaction takes place here - rusting of the metal (from the inside of the tank). Most of all, a flat radiator is popular in steel and, although this is far from the best option, it is nevertheless light in weight and low cost.

Note. It is most advantageous to install such (from steel) radiator heating with your own hands in a private house, where you can add anti-corrosion additives to water and not even drain the system for the summer period.

Pure aluminum devices have the highest heat emission, which can be of two types - injection molding and extrusion, but you will not find them among the usual manufacturers, for example, the same LIDAY, but such products are provided by the western manufacturer and the same China.

It can be said that aluminum products of this type are quite non-standard and exclusive devices for Russia, although lately they have begun to use more and more demand for autonomous systems when there is a need to change them or install another circuit in general.

Note. Do not be afraid of China, as a manufacturer - Chinese radiators are of sufficient quality and can compete with European ones.

The extrusion device consists of silumin tubes and an aluminum body, which is formed by extruding from an extruder and is not subject to assembly / disassembly.

But casting models (manufacturers can be different) are made by separate casting and assembly of sections, therefore, their production allows to reduce and increase power by fastening / unscrewing sections. These batteries withstand a working pressure of 8–16 bar at a temperature of 110 ° C, a heat output of 82–212 W

For the installation of autonomous systems, as well as in cases where the replacement of old batteries in high-rise buildings is necessary, bimetallic radiators are often used, which carry all the positive qualities of steel and aluminum.

Perhaps, such devices are the most practical at the moment in all respects - they have a working pressure of 20-50 bar at a temperature of 130? C (most), and the power of one section is about 150-180W.

The walls here are resistant to corrosion, there is almost no inertia, there is a very high return of heat and at the same time the device is resistant to hydraulic shocks. Of course, the cost of such devices is higher than the same steel or cast iron, but with autonomous heating you significantly save on a small volume of sections, the water for which you will have to be heated, wasting energy resources.

Note. It should be borne in mind that thermostats and valves are almost never sold with radiators. They are purchased separately.

Payment

In order to avoid any overlays in the purchase of sectional, tubular or panel radiators, you need to pay attention to their power and then calculate the quantity using either an online calculator or manually by doing it (the second option is more reliable).

So, for rooms no higher than 260 cm at 10m² You will need 1 kW of device power for the heated area, and if the ceilings are higher than 260 cm, then they are calculated by cubes - 41 W of thermal energy is needed for each cubic meter of space. Consequently, you can either take into account the total power of the battery (for tubular and panel), or calculate it by sections.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it should be said that any multi-panel and thin, sectional and flat radiators of heating will be useful in the room, if correctly calculated their number. But if at the same time you also make a good selection of quality and technical characteristics, then your house will be warmer, and you will pay less for it.