A brick septic tank itself: step by step instructions

08-02-2018

Outdoor sewage

For complete coziness and comfort in a residential building there should be all necessary engineering communications, one of which is an existing sewage system. If you live in a country house, then to implement this idea, it is important to think about the manufacture of a septic tank. We don’t have to think about the city’s sewer line, so we need an alternative. And the septic tank in this case is the ideal solution. At the same time you need a building material that will perfectly cope with the negative effects of wastewater ..

Brick - why is he

Today for the construction of a septic tank there are a large number of building materials. These can be concrete rings or even finished plastic containers. However, most owners of country houses choose the brick. Why? There are many reasons. This choice has its advantages:

Brick is available to most people.
Brick is a relatively inexpensive material (especially used).
Brick cameras are durable and reliable.
Different septic tanks can be built from bricks, depending on the needs. For example, it may be a septic tank with regular pumping or completely sealed.
When using this material, you can build a septic tank of any size.
The shape of the septic tank can be both round and square or have a different shape.

All these advantages speak for themselves. But for objectivity, one should also highlight the negative aspects:

Low tightness of chambers. To achieve reliable tightness you will need to carry out a number of works on waterproofing.
Large labor costs.

Design stage

Before construction, it is necessary to consider how much a septic tank will be and what type is preferable.

Single chamber. If a family spends a thousand liters of water per day, then it will be enough to choose a septic tank with a single chamber.

The scheme of the two-chamber septic tank

Two-chamber. In this case, the design consists of two tanks: one is large, the other is small, and a filtering field is provided. The principle of operation of this system is that the waste fractions are separated as they pass through the chambers. For example, the largest particles remain in the first and largest capacity. This waste is recycled by bacteria. Small fractions go to the second chamber. There they also sink to the bottom. The final cleaning is carried out in the filtration field. Each chamber is necessarily equipped with inspection hatches. They will be necessary for cleaning and removal of gases.

Multi chambers. Here the septic tank is equipped with several cameras simultaneously. The principle of operation of this system is very similar to a septic tank with two cameras. Gradually flowing from the chamber into the chamber, the liquid is cleared of possible impurities. As a result, purified water is obtained at the outlet.

Tip! It is possible to use the treated wastewater for economic purposes only after they have left the factory-made bioseptic (for example, Yunilos Astra).

So, if you have already made your choice, you can proceed to construction. But first you need to make some calculations that relate to the volume of the septic tank and its location.

Doing the right calculations

The size of the chambers will depend entirely on the volume of water consumed. How to accurately calculate the amount of water consumed, if you do not have a measuring meter? In this case, one should proceed from generally accepted measurements. On average, one person consumes two hundred liters of water per day. If the house will live five people, then, as a result, the daily level of wastewater will be 1000 liters. What then should be the volume of a septic tank? Its dimensions should accommodate the volume of effluents discharged in three days, that is, in our case, we get 3000 liters. This stock will be quite enough. Read more about calculating the volume of the sump, read here.

In addition to these calculations, it is necessary to determine the future location. Here it is important to take into account several sanitary standards, which suggest that it is unacceptable to mount a septic tank near the fence of the neighboring area, the distance should be at least one meter. It is also unacceptable to build near a residential building. The distance should be between five and twenty meters.

The location of the septic tank at such a distance is quite a reasonable requirement. And the matter concerns not just sanitary standards. It is not difficult to imagine what threatens the septic tank to be too close: if the design leaks, unpleasant odors will flow into the living area. On the other hand, too much remoteness can constantly provoke blockages in the system.

With regard to the requirements of SNIP, the septic tank should be located from the source of drinking water no closer than thirty meters. Especially the distance should be large if the groundwater comes very close to the surface. This also applies to the level of the bottom of the septic tank. If the groundwater is very close, then the depth should be up to one meter.

Building material and tools

Red brick. The amount of brick is calculated based on the size of the building.

Brand cement not lower than 200.
Inspection hatch.
Fittings 10 mm.
Waterproofing material.

As for the tool, you will need as the main one:

Master OK.
Building level. Alternatively, a plumb or water level can be selected.
Bushhammer.
Shovel.
Special capacity for kneading the solution.

Land works

Before laying out the walls, first of all dig a hole. Perhaps this is the most time-consuming process, because you have to raise a large amount of earth to the surface.

If a vehicle can drive up to the chosen place, then you should use the services of an excavator. If not, then the digging work will have to be done independently.

So, first you need to make markup. This includes the choice of form: oval, square, rectangle. It is better to remove the earth away from the pit, because eventually it will have to be transported or evenly distributed throughout the site.

Before you start laying, mark the location of the outgoing and incoming pipes. At this point, technological holes should be made later.

Tip! If you are a novice builder, it is recommended to build a rectangular septic tank. In this case, the job will be much easier.

Partitions are located inside the septic tank

If the septic tank is rectangular with several chambers, the foundation pit should be dug in common. Partitions will be built inside the septic tank. If the shape of the chambers is planned to be round, then three separate cylindrical pits will have to be dug. A trench is being dug between them, which will combine everything into a single structure.

Without fail, the bottom of the pit is rammed and covered with sand. The sand layer can be up to 300 mm. If the septic tank is sealed, then without fail its bottom is concreted using reinforcement.

Tip! As a rule, choose a sewer pipe with a diameter of 110 mm. The pipe is laid strictly with a slope of 2 cm by one meter. Based on the depth of soil freezing in your area, a suitable pipe depth is selected. However, it is not always possible to adhere to this rule, so some put the pipe higher and warm it.

If you want to build a leaking septic tank (without bottom), then at the bottom you need to organize a cushion of sand and rubble - a drainage layer. Each layer has an average of 300 mm. In order to improve the quality of drainage, it is recommended to drill several holes with a diameter of 10 cm in the pit. Plastic pipes are inserted into them, and the internal diameter of the pipe is filled up with rubble. This increases the efficiency of wastewater treatment.

Camera manufacturing

The scheme of a three-chamber septic tank of brick

For the manufacture of cameras, ideally use clinker bricks, but it is not cheap. If a sealed septic tank is being built, then the wall should be 25 cm along the entire perimeter. If your septic tank has a rectangular shape, then the wall thickness will be less than 12 mm, the partitions will also be laid out of brick. In order to achieve better tightness, it is recommended to cover all joints with cement mortar, and in the future the whole wall will be treated with bitumen mastic for waterproofing.

Tip! When laying bricks in the solution add liquid glass. Proportion: on a bucket of water 250 ml.

Along the perimeter of the exterior of the masonry, it is advisable to build a clay castle. This means that it is better to fill the formed hole along the entire perimeter not with earth, but with clay. So, the quality of tightness will increase. If the septic tank is unpressurized, then the laying is performed with a small gap so that the liquid can penetrate the soil faster.

Manufacturing overlap

If the septic tank is without a bottom, then there is no need to make a hatch for cleaning. It will be enough to put a board that can be covered with roofing felt. Conversely, if the septic tank is sealed, then the cover must be made of a concrete slab. You can pour it yourself. The overlap of the hatch must be above the ground level: rainwater ingress will be prevented. Care must be taken of the ventilation pipe, which is also installed immediately before pouring. As a result, you get a reliable and durable septic tank.

Useful tips

Several important aspects should be highlighted:

The depth of the septic tank and the individual chamber should not be less than 1200 mm. Otherwise, the silt will not be able to accumulate at the bottom.
On average, the volume of a single septic chamber, in the case of a multi-chamber septic tank, should be about 1000 liters, this is the third part of the total volume of the entire structure.
The pipe that drains down should be located above the level of the septic tank. This indicator will depend entirely on the distance between the septic tank and the house.
For overflowing waste in a septic tank, windows should be located at a depth of up to 600 mm. The optimal size of the window is 150? 150 mm.

If you have your own construction experience, write comments to this article.