Autonomous sewage - device technology

In order for a private house to be really comfortable, it is necessary to provide it with a toilet and a bathroom, but for this, of course, it is necessary to perform internal and external sewage systems. Most often, the ability to connect a private house to a centralized sewage system is absent, in which case an autonomous system is being built at the site. In this article, we will look at the basic principles of how self-contained sewage is done by hand.

General information

So autonomous sewage - what is it? Many people believe that this system is a cesspool with a pipeline connected to it. However, it is difficult to call the cesspool the sewage, as it is rather a temporary storage for sewage.

The real autonomous sewer system is, first of all, a sewage treatment plant. To date, there are several types of such systems, but they are all divided into two types:

I must say that volatile systems are more complex technically, but they are able to process more waste and take up less space. Their significant drawback is the dependence on electricity, so non-volatile systems are more popular in private homes.

System device

What is autonomous sewage, we figured out. Now let's take a closer look at its device.

So, the system consists of the following basic elements:

• Internal networks;
• Outdoor networks;
• Systems of cleaning and drainage of drains.

Treatment plant

The sewage system is based on the sewage treatment system - a septic tank.

The three-chamber septic tank copes with the task most qualitatively; in this case, the principle of operation of the autonomous sewage system is as follows:

• In the first chamber there is a cleaning of drains from heavy inclusions and their rotting.
• In the second chamber biological wastewater treatment is performed.
• In the third chamber purified water goes through the drainage system.

I must say that in recent years, many companies offer ready-made septic tanks. However, their volumes are insignificant, therefore such constructions are more suitable for country houses, and not the family’s permanent residence.

External and internal networks

The autonomous system differs from the centralized one only by the presence of a sewage treatment plant on the site. For the rest, the internal networks and the external pipeline are carried out according to the standard scheme, on the basis of calculations made according to SNiP.

Sewage system

Sewage scheme

To begin the device of the independent sewerage follows with performance of the scheme.

Conventionally, such a scheme can be divided into two parts:

• The plan of the house, with the location of the sewer pipeline and sanitary devices.
• Site plan with the designation of the pipeline and sewage treatment plant.

Tip! Planning sewage is better at the design stage of the house. This will allow you to successfully arrange the premises in which sanitary equipment will be installed.

The self-made sewage system with its own hands will allow you to calculate the required amount of materials, as well as to avoid errors during the installation of the system.

Septic tank making

Before proceeding to the manufacture of a septic tank, it is necessary to calculate its volume. To do this, you should calculate the daily water consumption, which depends on the number of people living in the house.

For example, if a family consists of three people, 450 liters will be spent on average per day, since 150 liters are spent per person. In two weeks the water consumption in such a family will be about 6500 liters. In this case, you should make a three-chamber septic tank with a volume of chambers of 6500 liters.

As for the materials for the septic tank, the most profitable solution will be Eurocubes - plastic containers from under various technical liquids, in this case the price of the construction will be the lowest. However, it is possible to use for these purposes and concrete rings or pits filled with concrete.

Instructions for the manufacture of a septic tank as follows:

• First of all, you need to choose a place for a septic tank in accordance with the norms established by SNiP and SES.
• Next, digging holes for tanks, the size of which must correspond to the calculations performed. The depth of the pits should be such that the incoming pipe is below the ground and set at the required slope (the slope is selected depending on the diameter of the pipe).
• Then the walls and the bottom are poured with concrete, or concrete rings are placed on the concrete base and the joints are sealed. In the last chamber, the bottom is not concreted, but filled with rubble and sand 25 cm thick.
• Next, the chambers are interconnected by pipe-lintels, as shown in the diagram, and a sewer pipe is also started.
• At the end of the work overlap is performed (if the septic tank is concrete). For this, a concrete slab is poured, in which there must be holes for the hatches above each chamber.
• On top of the overlap, you can lay a heater and cover it with soil on top. When the septic tank begins to function, appropriate preparations should be added to the chambers.

Outdoor sewage

After the septic tank is prepared, the further installation of the independent sewage system is carried out.

When performing the external pipeline, the most important thing is to observe the correct slope:

• For pipes with a diameter of 150-200 mm, the slope must be at least 0.8 cm per meter.
• For pipes with a diameter of 200 mm and more, the slope must be at least 0.7 cm per meter.

Note! The slope of the pipes should not exceed 15 cm per meter, otherwise sediment will quickly begin to appear inside the pipe, which will reduce the capacity of the pipeline.

The pipeline must be located below the ground freezing level, so it must enter the house through a hole in the foundation. Of course, it is possible to arrange pipes and higher, but in this case they must be insulated.

Internal system

As mentioned above, the installation of autonomous sewage inside the house is carried out in the usual way. If the house has several floors, all plumbing fixtures are connected to the riser. For single-storey buildings a collector is used.

The optimum diameter of the riser is 110 mm. The same pipe is used to connect the toilet. The remaining plumbing devices can be connected to the riser using pipes with a diameter of 50 mm. Here, perhaps, all the main points of the production of autonomous sewage.

Conclusion

Autonomous sewage is an integral element of any modern comfortable home located in an area where there is no centralized sewer system. Her device has a number of nuances, however, having familiarized with them, to equip a dwelling with such a blessing of civilization is possible for every home craftsman.

From the video in this article, you can get more information on this topic.