Autonomous sewage yourself

Country houses can not be imagined without a sewage system. Drainage can be done in a primitive way, but it is better to take care of high-grade living conditions, and arrange an autonomous sewer. Such a scheme of sewage disposal will be comfortable for residents, and will not harm the environment.

General information

The most primitive variant of the autonomous sewage system is the cesspool with a pipeline connected to it. But it is, in fact, just a collection of wastewater. A more complete version looks like a septic tank device. This autonomous sewage system is structurally much more complicated and consists of:

• pipelines of the internal and external sewerage;
• cleaning equipment and sewage drainage.

Autonomous sewage with their own hands should be arranged according to all the rules - with the availability of project documentation, in which the requirements of sanitary standards must be fully met.

Wastewater treatment methods

If you follow the generally accepted rules and regulations of the device for autonomous sewage of a house in a suburban area, then you can apply different methods and combinations of wastewater treatment. There are different stages and types of purification, which can be divided into:

• mechanical,
• chemical,
• biological.

With the help of mechanical cleaning the solid fractions are removed from the effluent, which are part of the sewage. The passage of this process is based on the difference in the density of some impurities and water. Heavier fragments in special tanks undergo a process of settling and eventually precipitate. The mechanically treated wastewaters overflow into the drainage system or are pumped out by a sewage disposal vehicle.

Tip! After such tanks, the degree of wastewater treatment is quite low. Therefore, wells for mechanical cleaning are the structures of the first level.

Autonomous sewage systems of the last generation for a country house carry out sewage treatment by chemical or biological methods. After passing the liquid through such a sewage treatment plant, the degree of decomposition of contaminants achieves high results. As a result, wastewater reaches treatment up to 98%, after which it is discharged into a ravine or a reservoir. It should be noted that these two options are based on fundamentally different cleaning mechanisms.

The chemical cleaning method involves the use of reagents that help remove suspended substances based on chemical reactions. It is necessary to apply chemical reagents with the utmost care. If you exceed the concentration of the active substance, you can harm the sewage system.

In modern sewage treatment plants, biological treatment is often used, the work of which is based on the results of the vital activity of special bacteria. The nutrient medium for these microorganisms are sewage. As a result, their action drains reach a high degree of purification. Bacteria are inherently divided into:

• aerobic, which for vital activity requires the supply of oxygen;
• anaerobic, which, in order to exist, do not need access to oxygen.

These types of bacteria can work selectively or alternately. When using aerobic microorganisms in autonomous sewage systems, it is necessary to construct aerators that will supply air to the septic tank.

Drainage drains

To get rid of untreated or partially clarified wastewater at the dacha, an asyranization machine is periodically called up, which arrives, pumps out the sewage from the drainage tank and takes it to a designated place. Such a disposal scheme is used in the primitive construction of an autonomous sewage system. Often, this system is arranged because of the nature of the soil, which is characterized by low throughput. If, for example, the soil is clayey, then it is quite difficult to equip a drainage that would fully cope with its tasks. At a higher level, there is a full cycle sewage system, in which one of the links is the drainage system. One of the easiest ways to filter drains and allow purified water to seep into the soil can be called a variant with a drainage well. Its installation at the device of the independent sewerage can occur:

• from classic concrete rings;
• from concrete in a monolithic way;
• baked bricks with mandatory waterproofing of the well.

The bottom of the well is covered with filtering material, which may be gravel or crushed stone. Filtered water seeps through the filter into the ground. If the soil layers with the characteristics required for receiving purified water are deeper than would be desirable, then special through-holes are made. They must reach a certain depth and be equipped with perforated pipes.

Better filtering occurs in the presence of drainage fields. Structurally, they consist of a network of perforated pipelines, which are buried in the ground, capable of receiving water. Pipes are better to choose plastic, as they do not corrode. To improve the quality of drainage, such pipes should be in the thick of gravel or rubble, be closed on all sides with geotextiles. This material does not allow the soil to lower the filtering qualities of the backfill. If the suburban area near the house soils are clay, and they lie to a greater depth, then they should be replaced by a more porous soil. The depth of the pit should be 0.7 m below the laying of perforated pipes. The area of ​​land allocated for pipe laying should be a continuous drainage field.

Tip! The drainage field must be equipped with a ventilation system, which must simultaneously supply fresh air and remove the generated hazardous gases.

This is how the final stage of the filter field arrangement looks like:

Device septic tanks

The main part of the autonomous sewage system is considered to be a septic tank. This important structure can be made independently, or purchased ready-made.

A septic tank in its own design is made of several wells, which are built from standard concrete concrete rings. In order for the containers to work as a whole, they create overflows for waste water, which gradually moves from the well to the well. These containers are buried in the ground, then they carry out reliable waterproofing, which protects the soil from the ingress of sewage.

A comparatively better option would be to install a factory-made septic tank. The market offers sewage treatment plants made of carbon fiber, plastic and metal. The latter must be treated with anti-corrosion compounds. If this is not done, the septic tank will not last for a long time. Structures made of plastic are made in such a way that provides complete sealing. Factory septic tanks consist of several compartments that are interconnected alternately. As sewage progresses, the sewage is first mechanically cleaned, then biological. To make biological treatment more efficient, the structure is equipped with aerators.

That the independent sewerage worked regularly, its installation needs to be made in due form. Drainage, collection and cleaning should be carried out according to the project documentation.

Video

In the following video you will find out how the autonomous sewage system works, there are also some tips given here, including