Cesspit in a private house

The arrangement of the sewage system of a private house is a burning problem, which the city dwellers almost never encounter. You can organize a well thought-out sewage system yourself, applying a certain amount of time and effort.

What you need to know

Getting started, you need to consider the following points:

1. The sewage tank can be either a hermetic structure that requires regular cleaning, or a bottomless chamber.
2. Sealed tank requires regular pumping with the help of vacuum trucks.
3. Placement of the sewage container should be at a safe distance for buildings and groundwater.
4. Access to it for cleaning should be organized as convenient as possible.

Accommodation on the site

When choosing a site for a sump, the following requirements must be observed:

• From the foundation of a residential building to the drain hole should be at least 5 m. To outbuildings - at least 3 m.
• Check the depth of the water. To drain the waste did not fall into the aquifer, the distance from the lower level of the sewer hole in the ground to the water source must be at least 1 m.
• Depending on the type of soil, the distance from the drain hole to the well or well may vary from 20 to 50 m.
• Since it will require regular cleaning of sewage, you should not do it in a remote place of the site.  
• The size of the sewage tank depends on the number of people living in a private house. For example, per person you need to take at least 0.5 m ?.

Kinds

Sewage preparation includes the choice of the organization of the drainage tank and options for its installation.

1. Pit of concrete rings. It is the most reliable way to organize a sewer system. However, it requires the use of heavy machinery for laying the rings in a prepared pit. A cesspool made of concrete rings can be of two types: with or without a sealed bottom.
2. A pit in the form of a plastic or iron tank of large volume, located in the ground either vertically or horizontally. It is possible to organize this type of sewage system on its own without the involvement of equipment, however, its effectiveness is limited to a certain period.

Sewage of concrete rings

Equipping the sewer system using rings made of concrete, it is desirable to use PVC pipes for discharge of drainage water from the house into the cesspool. For this, the sewer pipes in the house are positioned so that their outlet is located in the foundation of the house, underground, just below the level of soil freezing. This will prevent freezing of water in the pipes, their deformation and failure of the entire sewer system.

Tip! If you place the pipes in the ground at a sufficient depth is not possible, you need to take care of the gravel-sand cushion, as well as waterproofing and insulation around the pipe, which drains the drainage water into the cesspool.

• A pit of the required size is prepared for the sewage tank - taking into account the thickness of the concrete rings, as well as insulation around the tank. First you need to tamp the sand and gravel on the bottom, pour a “cushion” with a small amount of concrete, and after placing the reinforcement in it, finally cover the prepared surface with a concrete solution.
• After a day, you can install concrete rings, connecting them together with a concrete solution or a reliable sealant. In the upper ring, at the level of soil freezing, a hole is prepared for placing it in the container of the drain pipe coming from the house.
• After the final installation of the sump, it must be closed with a manhole so that there is always an opening for pumping organic waste. Separately in the lid you need to do the vent tube.
• The whole structure of concrete rings is lined with a mixture of soil with sand and gravel and carefully tamped.
• The cesspool of concrete rings without bottom is settled in a similar way, only instead of concreting the bottom a sandy-gravel “cushion” is laid at least 30–50 cm thick. It will become a natural filter before water seeps into the soil. Since there is no bottom, cleaning of this type cesspool will occur much less frequently - once a year or for several years.

Tip! The drain hole with the bottom must be cleaned regularly to avoid overflow and stagnation of sewage in the sewer system of a private house.    

Sewage from metal tank

Often, the owners of a private house as a cesspool use a capacious tank. An iron barrel can also act as a self-made chamber for organic waste. However, the metal is not a material that ensures uninterrupted and reliable operation of the sewer system, as it is subject to corrosion and very quickly fails, which will require major repairs.

Using plastic containers

• The best option sealed cesspool is a plastic container roomy. Its walls are not affected by the ingestion of organic waste.
• When preparing the pit for the pit, you need to take into account the dimensions of the plastic container.
• Before placing the structure in the foundation pit, it is necessary to reinforce it with a sand-gravel pad, but it is better to make a concrete base. After a day, you can put a plastic container on the prepared bottom. On the side, at the level of freezing of the ground, a hole is made for placing the drain pipe into the sewer. Their joint is sealed.
• Since the drainage water in such a sewage system is not diverted anywhere, it needs regular cleaning with a sump.

Video: stages of construction of a cesspool of concrete rings at 13 m?

Installation of autonomous sewage system with their own hands: