Local sewage device in a private house

22-10-2018

Outdoor sewage

For the improvement of a country house requires a lot of effort. As a rule, it is necessary to build engineering communications that will create comfort and coziness. One of these communications is local sewage. It is very important to think through this system to the smallest nuances. After all, if we admit some miscalculations, then as a result, the operation of the sewage system will need constant repair. In this article, we will look at the local sewage system in a private house, study the installation features of both external and internal sewage systems.

Creation of the project of the internal and external sewerage

That the internal sewerage worked regularly, it is recommended to make a preliminary draft. The scheme of the sewerage in each separate case will be individual, depending on the plan of the house. It is important that all consumers in the kitchen, bathroom, shower, bathroom are combined into one sewer riser. This riser will direct all drains into the drain hole, which will be located on the street. When creating a project, you must specify the diameter of the pipes.

As a rule, pipe O110 is used for the riser. For the sink, bathtub and other consumers, O50 will be enough. The project should reflect the methods of water supply to each device. It is equally important to take into account the depth of soil freezing. Starting from this, you will know how deep the pipes should be laid on the street. In addition, the presence and level of groundwater is taken into account. If the water is deep, then the whole system will work by gravity. If the groundwaters lie high enough, then it will be necessary to equip the forced discharge of drains.

Tip! If your house has a large size, and it has a swimming pool, jacuzzi, sauna, then to create such a complex project it is better to contact the relevant company, because it is important to take into account the huge amount of nuances. If the size of the house is small, then the design work can be done independently.

Installation of sewer system

At arrangement of the local sewerage it is necessary to pay attention to a number of requirements and rules. By following the recommendations below, you can do everything at a high level.

Begin installation of sewage should be after the construction of the foundation, walls and partitions of the house.
It is necessary to decide in advance where the septic tank will be located. It is desirable that this place was not far from the road, so that in case of need pumping out the waste it was possible to perform this work without much difficulty. An important role is played by the distance between the house and the septic tank. It is desirable that it was not less than five meters, but not too big. The volume of the septic tank will depend on the number of people living in the house. The depth of the septic tank should be more than one meter from the level of soil freezing.
The collector should be located at the lowest point. This will allow the normal passage of feces and other drains. One meter of pipe slope should be two centimeters.
It is recommended to use plastic pipes with a diameter of 100 mm for wiring the sewers. For external sewage it will be necessary to purchase special pipes, they usually differ in color. Each joint must be airtight. A solid foundation should be provided in the trenches, so no digging should be done. Everything should be measured in the course of digging. Otherwise, the weight of the ground may cause the pipes to sag, resulting in undesirable stagnation and blockages.
For internal sewage also use pipes with a diameter of 110 mm. This diameter allows you to quickly remove all drains. As for the installation of the toilet, it should be as close as possible to the riser.

During the work it will be necessary to purchase a sufficient number of knees, tees, crosses and other plastic couplings. Moreover, the riser must be securely fastened to the wall. In general, these are the basic requirements for local sewerage of a private house. As for the outdoor sewage system, there are more nuances that we will discuss later.

Types of outdoor sewage

Of course, it is much easier when there is a centralized sewage system near the house. But in most cases there is no such good in the country. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to organize outdoor local sewage. There are several options, how and from what it is possible to build a septic tank. We will consider each of them. This will help you make an objective decision.

Cesspit. This method of collecting waste is most common. However, it is ineffective. Why? It is designed for small houses, and also requires constant pumping out of drains and cleaning the pit. Moreover, its construction is allowed only on the condition that a small number of people live in the house. But even in this case, it will be necessary to resort to the services of an aspenizatorsky service often.

Septic tank of concrete rings. Such a system is used to treat wastewater. As a rule, three deep wells are mounted, which are connected by overflow. Wells are all made of reinforced concrete rings. The diameter of the rings can reach two meters. In this case, you will also need the services of an aspencer machine for forcibly cleaning the drain hole. Although, unlike the first option, this will need to be done less frequently, since some of the effluent will go to the ground.

Septic tank made of metal, fiberglass or plastic. Here are meant ready-made designs. Their installation has its own characteristics. Additionally, filter fields are being constructed. Purified water flows there from the septic tank. Sludge settling at the bottom will also have to be pumped out from time to time, but unlike the first two cases, it will have to be done extremely rarely. Here you can choose a septic tank of different sizes according to individual needs.

Autonomous septic tanks. This is the most modern solution, which is decided to be implemented in country houses. Such stations provide biological wastewater treatment. The system has pumps for removal of the purified technical water.

Tip! This water can be used for watering the garden.

Choosing a plastic septic tank

So, without installing a septic tank in a country house you can not do. It is a major part of all local sewage. If you decide to buy a ready-made septic tank, then it is important to consider its dimensions and other technical characteristics. As a rule, such drives have one or several cameras of different sizes. Such a structure is completely hermetic, which is a positive factor for the environment.

Tip! You can make a septic tank of plastic eurocubes, but you need to consider that its volume is very small.

So, choosing such a tank, it is necessary to consider three points:

Spaciousness.
Strength.
Location

The septic tank consisting of several chambers has its own characteristics. The price for it will be higher compared to other options. Sufficiently large solid fractions will be collected and remain in the first chamber. Due to anaerobic fermentation, sediments will decompose. Subsequently, they enter another chamber, in which the cleaning process takes place. Further purified water is directed to the filtration fields or into the soil. Will depend on the required degree of purification.

Tip! The degree of cleaning directly depends on the number of chambers in a plastic septic tank. The presence of three chambers will provide 75% efficiency of wastewater treatment. To increase the percentage of quality of cleaning, an additional biofilter is installed. This installation will depend on electricity.

Septic installation

Scheme of installation of a septic tank from eurocubes

To install a plastic septic tank, you must dig a pit of the appropriate size. At the same time, the pit size from all sides should be with a margin of 40 cm. The bottom of the pit should be perfectly even. To do this, you can use the construction level. Ideally, lay a concrete slab on the bottom, which will serve as a good foundation. The concrete slab will prevent the possible extrusion of a light plastic septic tank in case of raising the water table. When a septic tank is installed, it is necessary to fill the space with a cement-sand mixture around the perimeter. Each layer of 20 centimeters is recommended to be thoroughly tamped. If the septic tank is plastic, it is recommended to fill it with water as it is buried in the ground to equalize the internal and external pressure.

Tip! Not all choose this type of septic tank. Some prefer iron quality and mount reinforced concrete rings. This technology has already been tested by time. Such work can be done independently.

So, we have considered the features of the device local sewage country house. If you have experience building such a system, then write to us in the comments to this article. Your personal experience can be a good help for beginning masters.

Video

The device of a septic tank of concrete rings is shown in the following video:

How to make a fan stand in a private house, see below: