Septic drainage

Often there are situations when you need to organize a full-fledged sewage system without the possibility of connecting to the central. This is an autonomous system. How to organize an autonomous sewer? If there is a house in the country, then this is the only option. The first thing to be sorted out is the drainage of the septic tank.

To avoid frequent pumping of water from its sewage system, a septic tank is used. What is it? A septic tank can be a container of any solid and hermetic material in which bacteria work and process waste water, as a result of which water with a good degree of purification is obtained. The remaining substances are deposited on the bottom of the septic tank in the form of sludge.

Tip! The best option of a septic tank is purchased in a store, ready - made of solid polyethylene with the organization of waste input and water withdrawal. For such a septic tank it is necessary to make a kind of “anchor” of concrete, so that the melting snow and groundwater do not push it out in the spring.

Typically, the organization of drainage septic system consists of the following elements:

• feed pipe;
• reception (septic chamber);
• aerotank;
• biogenerator;
• secondary settling tank (limestone bed);
• tertiary septic tank (contains disinfecting elements);
• discharge pipe.

If you can not buy a septic tank, then you can make it on your own. Here are some examples of how to do this.

Concrete ring septic tank

To organize such a system, standard concrete rings with a diameter of 1 meter will be required. You can also cast the finished "glass" of concrete. “Glasses” in this way will be of three levels: the septic tank itself, the space for aerobic filtration, the drainage zone. When approaching the well from the house, it is important to observe the following condition - it is necessary to make a slope of 2 cm per meter of supply length, thus, the slope will be about 2-3 degrees. The depth of drainage should not exceed 2 m, otherwise anaerobic bacteria will not be able to provide proper cleaning.

Now the actual drainage of the septic tank. The second level in such a system is optional. If the possibilities are somehow limited, then you can not install it. Most often, the second level is ignored in homes where permanent residence does not occur, as aerobic bacteria die if they do not have a constant feed. There are several options for organizing drainage.

1. Plastic pipes, buried in the ground and having frequent cuts, covered with rubble or earth. This option is sometimes called the drainage field.
2. The hole in the drainage well, behind which made a rare brickwork.
3. A septic tank in which the bottom is drainage.

Septic tank with constant aeration

The variant is in many ways similar to the previous one, as, indeed, all the options for the organization of an autonomous septic tank are in general similar to each other. If there is a desire to organize a second level that cleans the water by the aerobic method, but there are no permanent residents of this place, then there is an opportunity to purchase a septic tank, which is engaged in constant aeration.

Tip! Aeration is the passage through the waste mass of small air bubbles. This approach gives excellent results, the output is water with a fairly high-quality cleaning.

The only obstacle that may arise when organizing this type of work is an eyeliner for a permanent electric power supply. But on the other hand, water is produced that meets all the necessary sanitary standards. It is possible to connect the output to automatic watering systems of plants or even to filters of finer purification, which will make it possible to reuse this water for other purposes.

Organization of the drainage system

As is already clear, the most important role of the autonomous sewer system is drainage for the septic tank. Before you do drainage for a septic tank with your own hands (aeration field), consider the main points that need to be considered when designing a system in the first place.

The pipes should be at a depth of approximately one and a half meters, and the distance between them should not be less than 1.5 m. The trench width under the pipes should not be less than half a meter, the optimal value is 1 m. When constructing a field for filtration, you should take into account the ability of the existing soil type to self-cleaning. Execution of works is recommended to do in the following order:

• after the trench has been dug out, its bottom is filled with sand that has undergone the most complete cleaning of foreign impurities;
• rubble is poured on the sand with dimensions up to 4 cm, layer height? 35 cm;
• the next step is to lay the pipe, it should be filled with the same rubble;
• then it is recommended (but not necessary) to put a film, ideally for a given situation to use geotextile, this will protect the system from cluttering up with sludge;
• all this is filled up with the same soil of which the field consists.

Filter field

When forming the filtration field, one should remember many points that are important for the high-quality functioning of the system as a whole. The depth of drainage of the septic tank should be from 0.35 cm to one and a half meters, and if the filtration field is not too deep and in these edges cold winters, you should take care of additional system weatherization.

The slope of the pipeline system should be performed with an angle of the order of one and a half degrees. The drainage of the septic tank should be at a distance of at least 30 meters from the water wells and drinking water wells in order to exclude the possibility of their contamination. In areas with shallowly laid pipes it is impossible to allow movement of any kind of transport, otherwise there is a risk of damaging the drainage.

Tip! It is forbidden to plant trees and shrubs near the places where pipes are laid, otherwise the roots can damage the drainage system.

If the soil in the area where septic drainage is organized, contains an excessive amount of clay, it is recommended to replace the soil with another soil to a depth of at least half a meter. The height of the ventilation pipes should also be half a meter. Vent pipes should be protected with special visors. Proper organization of ventilation will give the desired flow of anaerobic bacteria, which allows to achieve a high degree of water purification. Every seven years (sometimes more, sometimes less - depending on the system load), it is necessary to change the ground pad under the pipes, and also periodically update the soil composition.

Stock filtration

As can be seen from the above, the septic tank drainage is not so difficult to organize independently. To do this, follow the simple rules and listen to the advice of experienced craftsmen. Competent planning solves most of the problems and guarantees the high-quality work of the sewage system and the drainage system, which will not cause trouble to the owner. Now it is necessary to consider through which filtration stages the drains pass, which will allow a better understanding of the operation of the system. The main stages are as follows:

• at the first level, the liquid being drained goes through a process of settling, and the partition wall does not allow foreign gases and foam to penetrate;
• gradually, drains are added dose by dose, exerting pressure on the contents, thus the purified fraction is poured into the next septic tank, in which the reagents break down and destroy excess impurities;
• at the last stage, the impurities fall into the muddy sediment, and the purified portion of the liquid enters the distribution zone.

In the manufacture of a septic tank, you should take care of the manufacture of the hatch, since periodic cleaning of the system will be necessary in any case, silty sediments will not go anywhere by themselves.

Tip! Drainage of the septic tank will give the greatest performance when cleaning, if you use various additional techniques. Special means emit additional anaerobic bacteria that purify water more thoroughly, and also prevent pipe clogging with sludge.

For better cleaning, you should provide access to a well specialized transport. The septic tank should be constructed in such a way that it does not get water from unforeseen sources, including during rain, as well as large insoluble objects and toxic elements. Such troubles can significantly reduce the life of the septic tank, which in any case is highly undesirable.

Video

This video shows the construction of a drainage septic tank: