Sewage without pumping: autonomous system of cleaning with

The most common and simple method of disposal of wastewater in suburban areas is a cesspool or storage tank. But it requires regular cleaning with the use of ashenizatorsky equipment, and the price of the services of such firms is quite high. A more attractive solution would be a sewage system in the country without pumping, which functions completely autonomously.

Principle of operation

A system that completely filters incoming sewage without requiring removal of accumulated waste consists of several tanks.

The most common are:

• two-chamber structures, where the first section occupies three quarters of the volume;
• three-chamber variants - the first tank is equal in volume to the next two.

In each of the cells, wastewater is treated for certain types of pollutants:

1. Pre-cleaning - water is released from heavy fractions and suspended particles that settle at the bottom.
2. Thorough cleaning - occurs in the second tank, where the liquid enters after filling the first one. Lighter substances settle here.
3. Final cleaning - after its passage, practically pure water is directed to the filtration fields or a drainage well, where it is absorbed into the soil.

The first two tanks, given their purpose, are sealed. The latter is equipped with holes in the bottom or walls, through which moisture is removed.

Note! This sewer system also needs to be serviced. The residue accumulated at the bottom of the first two tanks must be pumped out using household drainage pumps. This mixture is well suited for fertilizing the garden. The frequency of maintenance depends on the intensity of the sewer system and the volume of tanks.

Technical characteristics of autonomous septic tanks

Before starting work on the arrangement of sewage with your own hands, you should determine the volume of tanks used. In the calculations should be based on the number of people living in a suburban area.

According to current sanitary standards, one person uses 200 liters of water per day. In addition, 20% should be added for unforeseen needs.

After determining the volume go to the calculation of dimensions.

An individual septic tank with a volume of 18 m3 can be made in the following sizes:

• depth is 3 meters;
• length 3 meters;
• width 2 meters.

Remember that country sewage, like most others, works under the influence of gravity. Therefore, the drain sewer pipe is located under the slope, and its cut, which is included in the septic tank, must be placed at least a meter from its bottom.

Sewerage to give without pumping should be designed and built according to certain sanitary standards.

Instructions for the placement of such objects requires compliance with the following distances:

• to fruit trees - 3 meters;
• to the reservoir or lake - 30 meters;
• to a stream or river - 10 meters;
• to the public road - 5 meters;
• to the well or well - 50 meters.

Note! Too long sewer pipe may clog. Therefore, it may be necessary to install additional inspection wells, allowing it to be cleaned if necessary.

Features of the construction of various types of septic tanks

Brick

For the manufacture of the cleaning system it is necessary to use clinker bricks. The shape of the tanks is selected individually. Most often design round or rectangular septic tanks.

In addition, you need to take care of high-quality waterproofing:

• from the outside, the walls of the tanks are treated with special mastic, and for backfilling not clay is taken, but clay (the minimum layer thickness is 20 cm);
• the inner surface is sealed with cement mortar.

The bottom of the first two chambers is carefully concreted. This will prevent waste from seeping into the ground. The last tank is equipped with a drainage cushion of sand and rubble. In addition, when laying the walls of this tank between the stones, spaces should be made to facilitate the removal of moisture.

Communication between the tanks is arranged using pipes connected by tees.

Monolithic

In this case, the work is done in the following order:

1. A cushion of rubble and sand is poured at the bottom of the excavated trench, which is poured with concrete. This will ensure the desired level of tightness. Of course, this is not necessary for the third camera.
2. After casting concrete strength, you must install the formwork and fill the walls. Remember that the walls must be equipped with pipes for the overflow of cleaned sewage. Suitable materials used for the construction of an external sewer network (PVC-brown parts).
3. The upper part can also be made monolithic by providing inspection hatches.
4. Last - drainage - the chamber should not have a concrete floor. The bottom should be filled with rubble, allowing seeping filtered water into the soil.

Tip! To make the construction more durable, the walls and the floor can be reinforced with metal rods or a special mesh.

Of concrete rings

Before buying finished concrete products should determine the size. As a rule, the depth of the septic tank does not exceed the length of the four rings, otherwise its maintenance will be difficult.

The disadvantage of this method of construction of autonomous sewage is the need to use special engineering equipment. It is unlikely that you will lift and install the ring without using a crane.

Digging of the pit should be done in a closed manner.

For this:

• a small depression (30-50 cm) in the size of the ring is dug out, after which this part is placed in the resulting pit;
• all further work is done inside the ring, which will protect the builders and the pit from the collapse of the soil;
• undermining the soil at the edges, it is necessary to achieve a gradual immersion of reinforced concrete parts;
• as soon as the first ring has gone deep enough, a second one is put on top and so on.

The seams between the rings are sealed with cement mortar and covered with a waterproofing material.

Can be used:

• waterproofing;
• hydrotex;
• bitumen mastic.

After building the required number of tanks, they are interconnected with pipes. From above, the wells are closed with ready-made reinforced concrete parts, in which revision hatches are embedded.

From plastic containers

For the manufacture of tanks suitable eurocubes, sold in building supermarkets. Before they are buried in the right places, you need to make holes and install plastic pipes that are needed for the circulation of wastewater.

Plastic containers can be squeezed out by groundwater, so when installing them, make anchoring correctly.

Use of prefabricated structures

At present, instead of self-construction of containers and their connection with pipes, you can purchase a ready-made plastic septic tank.

Such designs have many advantages:

• the tank has a cubic shape and is equipped with stiffeners, as a result of which the required level of strength is achieved;
• during installation of the septic tank there is no need for concreting the bottom of the pit;
• rectangular design allows you to reduce costs and time to carry out earthworks;
• the material from which such septic tanks (polypropylene) are made differs by an increased service life - the service life guaranteed by the manufacturer is 50 years;
• the septic tank will operate without electricity, which is especially important for installation on summer cottages;
• The filtration system is so effective that the sludge can be pumped out no more than once every 12 months (depending on the capacity and intensity of the sewage system operation).

An even more modern solution is considered a biological water purification station, which cleans sewage most effectively (up to 95%). The resulting water can be used for household needs.

Externally, these structures are rectangular polypropylene blocks, divided into several tanks using partitions. Purification of wastewater is carried out with the help of special microorganisms, for which habitat creates a favorable environment.

Conclusion

The use of sewage systems in the country, which do not require constant pumping of accumulated sewage, is more expedient, since the costs of calling ashenization equipment can be quite large. But the cleaning efficiency depends on a properly constructed individual septic tank.

For more information about sewage treatment plants can be found in the video in this article.