Why do you need a cable duct and how it is laid

For a simple man in the street, such a thing as cable sewage sounds rather strange. In fact, the word "sewage" means only tunnels designed for laying cables. Next, we take a closer look at why they use such sewers and how it is performed.

What is a sewer for cables and why it is needed

As it is not difficult to guess from the name, the sewage system for cables is located underground.

This solution allows you to remove from the urban landscape:

• Telephone lines;
• Electric wires;
• Fiber optic cables, etc.

Among the advantages of laying communications in a special sewage system, the following points can be highlighted:

1. Sewerage protects the wires from:

• moisture exposure;
• temperature drops;
• electromagnetic effects;
• strong gusts of wind, lightning strikes and other natural phenomena.

1. Provides access to communications at any time, which may be necessary to check, repair or replace the network.
2. Allows you to install new lines, without violating the integrity of the road surface.
3. Allows you to lay an extensive communication network, regardless of the location of ground structures and changes in relief.
4. It is possible to lay wires not only horizontally, but also vertically, for example, in high-rise buildings. And if necessary, you can lay the network even under water.

Of course, the sewage system for cables consists not only of tunnels, but also of a number of other elements, such as observation and corner wells, collectors, etc. These elements are not only designed to carry out audits and repairs, but also to divert water from a system of accidental water.

Sewerage device

Preparatory work

The sewage system begins with the calculations and the project. The most important thing is to break the track in such a way that the amount of work is minimal. Thanks to this approach, the price of the project will decrease, and the process of laying communications will also be accelerated (see also the article Telephone conduit: features of construction and operation).

The route, if possible, should be as straight as possible, however, it is necessary to bypass all kinds of underground structures, areas with closely located groundwater and calcareous soils. Therefore, the design should be exclusively specialists.

Also at the design stage it is decided what materials the tunnels will be made from.

They can be:

• Concrete;
• Asbestos concrete;
• Plastic;
• Polyethylene;
• Ceramic.

Note! Communication networks in cable ducts are laid in pipes made of asbestos cement or concrete. Their diameter is usually 100 mm.

Not only single pipes, but also balanced packages can be laid.

Since the quality of transmission often depends on the electrical homogeneity of the network, at the design stage, the grouping of the laid wires is performed according to:

• Design features;
• The value of the working capacity;
• Lengths;
• Wave resistance and some other parameters.

Cable ducts of communication over SNiP every 15-20 kilometers of the route must be equipped with cable platforms, the main requirement for which is a flat and dry surface, even during periods of snow melting, river flooding and autumn rains.

In addition, as mentioned above, at the intersections of the networks, hatches are installed that provide access to the sewage system. It should be noted that the wells are special and typical. They can be made of a variety of building materials, for example, brick or reinforced concrete.

The distance between the wells should not exceed 150 meters. In case of turning the route by more than 15 degrees, an angular well must be installed at the angle of rotation.

Note! The network should be located below the level of soil freezing. If it is impossible to fulfill this condition for any reason, a heating cable is laid in the sewers.

This is a self-regulating tape, which is located outside the pipe and is connected to electricity. Instructions for connecting heating cables is extremely simple.

Features of construction

Construction of cable ducts and electrical network is performed by digging a trench.

This takes into account two main indicators:

• Trench width;
• Length.

If the route passes under the roads, a tunnel is dug out and immediately strengthened. To speed up the construction process, I work in parallel. For example, special equipment is engaged in digging a trench, and construction teams immediately build a tunnel with their own hands.

Note! Cabling works can be performed at an ambient temperature not lower than -20 degrees Celsius. If the cable is laid in polyethylene pipes, it is prohibited to perform work at temperatures below -10 degrees.

As for the strip itself, there are some requirements for it that depend on the weight of the cable:

Here, perhaps, are all the main features of laying cable ducts.

Conclusion

Cable ducts are a great way to protect communications and power transmission from adverse environmental conditions. In addition, they simplify the process of laying networks in urban environments, but at the same time there are a number of requirements for their device (see also the article Connecting a washing machine to sewage and water supply: 5 simple and independent steps).

Therefore, to do this work should be qualified professionals who possess the necessary equipment. From the video in this article, you can get more information on this topic.