Sewage design - the main features of this type of work
It is impossible to imagine modern housing without sewage systems, while it is very important to do everything in accordance with building codes, so that during the operation there are as few problems as possible. Designing sewage in a private house has a number of features that will be discussed in this article.
By following simple guidelines, you can make an effective waste disposal system yourself.
The main criteria that the project must meet
Design of water supply and sewage systems must meet a variety of norms and requirements, in addition, the design is arranged taking into account several important criteria:
| Compliance with regulatory documents | All communications should be arranged in accordance with the norms of SNiP, and there are several regulations, each of which regulates a particular part of the system. The easiest way is to coordinate the project with professional specialists in order to minimize the possibility of mistakes and miscalculations, since it will be much more difficult to eliminate them in the future. |
| Selection of quality components and fittings | It is very important to use only those materials and elements that are guaranteed to serve for many years. Even the most qualified installation does not guarantee the durability of the system if low-quality products are used, so a low price should in no case be a determining factor when choosing |
| Competent design of sewer networks | If you carry out all the necessary activities for the development of documentation with your own hands, it is important to calculate the optimal diameter of each of the pipelines, choose the system configuration, trying to follow all the recommendations that will be described in the next chapter |
| Neat assembly and system check | Due to the wide distribution of products from impact-resistant plastic, the instruction for assembling the sewer network has become as simple as possible, however, it is also important to do the work very carefully, avoiding deformation of the elements and damage to the sealing rubber. After assembly, the system is mandatory checked for tightness. |
What you need to know when creating a project
It is important to understand that all communications are divided into internal and external. We will examine each of the parts in more detail, in order to reveal the topic in as much detail as possible.
Domestic sewage
This part includes all parts of the system that are located in the premises.
The design of water supply and sewage at this stage is made in compliance with the following recommendations:
- A very important factor is the observance of the optimum slope of the pipelines, since the systems are self-flowing. Too small an angle leads to stagnation of wastewater, and too large leads to accelerated adhesion of solid particles on the pipe walls, which can lead to blockages, the fight against which can become a very big problem during operation.
Note! With a pipe diameter of 5 cm, the slope should be 5 cm per 1 meter, if the diameter is 100-110 mm, then 2 cm per meter of pipe is enough. The indicators should not vary much, moreover, any gradients of the slope are highly undesirable, since these areas are potentially dangerous to blockages. But on short sections of sewer pipes the slope may be more.
- The toilet should be attached to the riser with a separate connection. This, firstly, reduces the likelihood of blockages as much as possible, and secondly, if some more elements are attached to the toilet bowl connection, water will be sucked out of all siphons during the flush and the unpleasant smell will constantly enter the room.
- The installation of a sewage ventilation system is very important; its absence can lead to unpleasant odors in the room and emptying the siphons due to the formation of excessive vacuum in the system.. This system should not be connected to the general ventilation, it must be separately brought to the roof, installing an aerator to prevent precipitation from entering the system.
- When designing sewer networks it is important to remember the correct order of connecting elements to the riser. To avoid problems, the toilet should be attached below all the elements. This is a very important point that should be given special attention, otherwise in the course of operation you will have to face many problems.
Remember! If there is a toilet in the system, the minimum pipe diameter for the riser should not be less than 100 mm. If there is no toilet, then a pipe with a diameter of 50 mm will do.
- It is very important to make a soundproofing of the risers, the simplest option is the installation of a duct made of plasterboard, while the internal cavities can be sealed with mineral wool. Do not forget that at the bottom of the riser there should be a revision hatch, which requires easy access in case of problems.
- Designing plumbing and sewage systems is best done by consultation with experts, so you can be completely confident in the correctness of the work.
External communications
The design of external networks of water supply and sewage has a number of distinctive features:
- The point of removal of the pipe from the house is very important, it should be located below the ground freezing point. The depth of freezing is different depending on the area, this is described in more detail in a separate article on this resource, if it is not possible to deepen communications in this way, then you need to use special insulators for pipes, which can be purchased at any plumbing store.
- The design of external engineering networks of sewage depends on what communications will be used. The simplest and most effective option is a centralized system; if it is not there, then it is necessary either to make drain wells or install a septic tank.
- Treatment facilities should be located at least 30 meters from the water source and not less than 5 meters from the house, it is better if this indicator is 10 meters.
- The design of external sewage networks includes the calculation of the approximate loads on the system, if it passes under the passage, it is important that all elements are resistant to loads, in some cases, the best option is cast-iron or asbestos-cement pipes.
- If you are developing a storm sewer project, then it is worth noting that it can not be deepened below the freezing point, the main thing is to arrange a competent discharge of water, so that during the frost the system is completely empty, this will protect it from damage.
Conclusion
In fact, it is important to thoroughly understand this issue, the video in this article will help you understand some of the features. After reviewing it, you will be even better oriented in the topic under consideration and will be able to carry out sewage design yourself (see also the article Connecting a toilet bowl to the sewage system - consider key techniques).