The main elements of the sewer - all that is useful when

The sewage system is designed to divert contaminated water and human waste products outside the house. Effluents are discharged through the pipeline either into the intra-block and then central drainage systems or are recycled in a septic tank. In addition to the pipeline for the organization of drainage will need a lot of additional elements.

What is needed for the organization of domestic sewage

Domestic sewage collects wastewater from around the house and dumps it into the riser.

Components for sewage include:

• hydraulic locks connecting plumbing fixtures to the pipeline;
• pipeline discharging drains from the floor to the collector;
• ventilation tube;
• actually, the riser itself;
• sewer lounger - a horizontal section of the pipeline, through it drains fall further from the riser.

When laying pipes, such shaped elements as revision, tees, elbows, caps, etc. will be needed. Without them, it is impossible to ensure the removal of drains by all the rules.

Shaped elements

Shaped parts for sewage can otherwise be called connecting parts, they are available in such configurations:

• coupling - a short piece of pipe with sockets on both sides. Used to connect 2 parts of the pipeline;

• adapter (reduction) - used to connect pipes of different diameters. The reduction can be coaxial, eccentric;

• tee - this element is indispensable in situations where you need to create a branch that extends from the main sewage system, for example, when distributing to the floors with your own hands;

• audit - the same tee, only the output is closed with a cap, and the branch itself is small. Used when clogging the sewage to clean it;

• cross - the purpose is the same as that of the tee, but with its help a more complex node is organized;

• knee (tap) - used when turning the pipeline;
• check valve - it is necessary in emergency situations, thanks to it, wastewater will not flow back in case of a malfunction of the drainage system;

• stub - at repair it is used for overlapping of the sewerage.

Sewer liners are a vital element when laying the system. Without them, it is impossible to perform either the pipe installation on the floor, or their connection to the riser.

Features of connecting plumbing devices

The connection of any sanitary appliance should be organized so that unpleasant odors from the sewage system do not leak into the room. The simplest method is considered to be a connection through a water lock (or siphon).

The siphon looks like an ordinary S-shaped pipe, thanks to the water plug, odor protection is guaranteed. If the house does not plan regular residence, for example, in the country, then you can consider other ways to protect against odors (dry sewer siphon).

Sewerage repair

When repairing the above elements will not be enough. In particular, when replacing a section of the pipeline, sewer pipes will be needed.

There are frequent situations when part of the old pipe is rotten or just cracked, in this case, it will be necessary to replace not the entire drainage system, but only a small section. In order to connect the new pipe to the existing drainage system and branch pipes are used.

Externally, the sewer pipe looks like a small section of pipe, on the one hand it is smooth, and on the other - the socket. Accordingly, on the one hand, the connection is carried out in a bell-shaped manner, on the other - into the joint, using a coupling.

Sometimes when repairing old cast iron sewage it is necessary to connect plastic and cast iron pipes. At the same time to achieve the required tightness of one sealant is not enough. First, you will need to insert a rubber cuff into the cast-iron socket and a plastic pipe into it.

Tightness of the sanitary device and pipeline joint

The seals cuff is used to reduce the chance of leakage between the plumbing fixture and the pipeline. Externally, the cuff looks like a rubber ring that is worn over the joint.

To achieve greater elasticity of the cuff does not contain polymers, only natural rubber is used to produce them. However, during operation, because of this, it is necessary to use a lubricant so that the rubber does not crack.

Note! Rubber with the addition of polymers is more durable and durable, that is, the installation process is facilitated. But it is not as elastic as natural rubber and does not always guarantee a tight fit to the pipe.

If you plan to use a rubber cuff, then you also need lubricant for sewer pipes. If you try to insert the end of the pipe into the cuff without lubrication, the rubber can be easily damaged. And after mounting the cuff should be periodically lubricated.

As for a specific lubricant, there are many options, some prefer to use automotive lubricant, which is used for rubber inserts in automobile doors in winter. But the usual sanitary grease allows you to keep the rubber intact and intact.

Outdoor sewage elements

In addition to the pipes themselves, revisions and elbows, the outer section of the drainage system includes several specific elements. In the case of an autonomous sewage system, drains must be stored somewhere while they are being cleaned, therefore a construction of a septic tank is needed, and better a septic tank.

The construction of the sump

Sewage septic tanks are a common pit in which the drains settle, large particles settle to the bottom, after which the clarified wastewater passes to the next stage of purification. Externally, the sump looks like a pit with reinforced walls and bottom (or a special container).

If the sump is constructed independently, the instruction looks like this:

• a pit rummages in the ground (depth approximately 2.5 m, section at least 2.0x2.0);
• a cushion of a layer of gravel, on top of which a sandy layer is arranged, is poured to the bottom of the pit;
• after that, the bottom and walls of the pit should be sealed. You can build a formwork, place the reinforcement cage in the pit and fill the walls and bottom of the pit with concrete, it is allowed to reinforce the walls with brickwork;

• when the concrete has hardened, it will only be necessary to concrete the ceiling and arrange the sump.

You can go the other way, many instead of laborious concreting for sumps use plastic containers of large volume. It can be eurocubes, plastic barrels, metal barrels, which were previously stored paintwork. The price of the sump device in this case is low, but tightness is ensured.

There are budget options for sumps. From conventional tires for a truck, you can build a sump suitable for irregularly used sewers.

Separately stand tanks for septic tanks. Externally, such a container looks like a big barrel with ventilation pipes, and the inner space is divided into separate zones: first, the drains are settled, then through the overflow system the liquid enters the second section, where the final cleaning takes place.

Note! If paint was previously stored in the barrel, then it can be used as a settling tank only after thorough cleaning and firing. Otherwise there is a risk of contamination of the soil with chemistry.

Fluoroplastic pipes and barrels for sewage

Separately worth mentioning PTFE drums on the sewer. PTFE itself is an interesting material. Pipes and barrels from it can be operated in the temperature range from -100? С to +250? С. In addition, PTFE is durable and durable.

Note! Fluoroplast is an inert material, it does not react even with very aggressive substances, it even surpasses platinum and gold in this indicator. Therefore, using it in ordinary sewage is not entirely justified. Most often, fluoroplastic pipes and barrels are used in the chemical industry.

Summarizing

Drainage has long been an integral part of a person's comfortable life. The outlined material will help determine the list of elements that will be needed when installing the drainage system and to avoid delays in the performance of work. Thanks to this properly organized sewer system will last more than a decade.

The video in this article shows some of the nuances of the internal sewage system.