Air ducts for ventilation - views, features and installation

05-04-2018
Ventilation

Important elements of any ventilation system are properly selected air ducts. Their main task is to ensure the flow of fresh air into the room and remove the waste. The efficiency of the ventilation system depends, first of all, on the correct calculation of pipe diameters and cross-sectional area of ​​the ducts. Today you will find out how the round air ducts for ventilation differ from others, what materials are used for different types, and also how they are installed.

na-foto-tipy-vozdushnyh-kanalov

Modern natural and mechanical ventilation systems for premises usually have only one channel for the removal of exhaust air masses. At the same time, fresh air should flow unhindered through leaks and cracks in the door and window blocks, as well as through special technological openings.

Another thing - supply and exhaust ventilation, which requires the calculation and installation of two separate channels designed for fresh air flow and output polluted.

Types of ducts

There is no difficulty today to purchase parts of ventilation systems, as manufacturers offer their products in a wide range. Because of this, their price is acceptable for most buyers.

Therefore, when choosing a duct, you need to pay attention to the design features of the building for which it is purchased. Below we consider several criteria that will help to understand the classification of equipment.

Proper grounding of ventilation ducts

Design

Air ducts can be:

Embedded
  1. Most often this is the usual ventilation shafts, outlets from which you can see in the bathroom and in the kitchen in the apartments.
  2. Inside the channel there should be no foreign inclusions, for example, the influx of solution, as this will interfere with the normal passage of air flow through them.
  3. Installation is made in the walls of concrete and brick houses.
  4. We recommend periodically carrying out preventive measures, including cleaning the canals through the technological opening located below the shaft.
External
  1. Represent the added and suspended ventilating air ducts consisting of pipes and different shaped elements.
  2. The choice of design depends on the design of the room, and also the design features of the building matter.
Fastening of ventilation ducts inside the building

Material

Today, various materials are used for production:

  1. Metal - stainless or galvanized steel, aluminum alloys. Elements are highly durable; they endure fire and corrosive formations. Their installation does not cause any particular difficulties, the service life of the products is long.
Metal exhaust system

The lowest cost of galvanized steel ducts of this category, at the same time, aluminum and stainless steel will be much more expensive for customers. This formed the main demand for products from galvanized pipes.

  1. Plastic, rather, high-quality polypropylene, characterized by low cost and low weight. The elements are wear-resistant, do not rust and are as tight as possible. Installation is usually done by hand, and the operational period is several decades.

This and other material advantages attract many consumers. Among the shortcomings should be mentioned the weakness to mechanical damage and high temperatures.

Plastic ventilation system
  1. Flexible made from polymers, as well as corrugated aluminum-polymer sheet, which is equipped with steel reinforcement. Such air ducts are used in ventilation systems simultaneously with classical rigid air-conducting ducts and corresponding shaped components. The disadvantage is that the work of flexible pipelines is accompanied by too much noise, which is significantly more than other types of air ducts.

Section shape

Classic is considered to be rectangular and round, but there is also an oval.

The choice depends on the agreed project.

  1. Round ones have more customer demand than rectangular ones. There is nothing surprising in this, since they are easy to install and have minimal aerodynamic resistance to air.

Nipple joints and external couplings are used as material for joining shaped elements and pipes. Leakage of "air" in this case does not occur, so you can talk about the complete tightness of the circuit.

  1. Rectangular air ducts are joined to each other and with shaped parts:
  • flanges;
  • shinorikami;
  • mounting angles;
  • snaps.
Fastening of ventilation ducts outside the building

Their installation is somewhat difficult when compared with round, and they have the worst aerodynamic performance. The undoubted advantage of rectangular air ducts is the perfect combination with any interiors, especially in rooms with low ceilings.

Calculation of air pipes

Below is a guide that will help to understand this difficult matter:

  1. Make a general scheme of the ventilation network taking into account the area of ​​the premises and their purpose. Calculate the required air exchange in cubic meters per hour.
  2. The second stage is the determination of the speed of movement of air masses in the pipes:
  • natural ventilation - up to 1 m / s;
  • forced airing - 3-5 m / s.
The dimensions of the ducts for ventilation are best determined by the diagram.

For the calculation it is most convenient to use special diagrams prepared by specialists. With their help, the calculation of the diameter of the internal section of the ducts is determined based on the results obtained.

For example, for artificial ventilation with an air exchange volume of 300 m3/ h and the speed of the air flow of 3 m / s, the optimal diameter of the ventilation duct is 150 mm, if the rectangular one is 100 mm by 200 mm.

Installation of air ducts

Important when installing air-conducting pipes is the decision whether they need to be insulated or not. Such additional insulation of ventilation ducts will prevent the formation of condensate, allowing ventilation to work for a long time and without fail.

Tip: heat insulation of ventilation pipes is necessary when installing them outside the building or in a room that does not have heating.

The second important decision is the insulation of ventilation ducts, which are located in work and residential premises, in particular, a bedroom or children's room.

Sound insulation of ventilation ducts with special materials

Use the following rules to help reduce system decibels:

  • well will help solve the problem of large diameter pipes or with thick walls;
  • Finishing pipes with special materials to minimize noise during operation of the ventilation system, also allows for silence in the rooms;
  • Use vibration isolation for ventilation equipment, such as fans and dampers.

The effectiveness of the system to a large extent depends on its regular cleaning. Most often, it does not need to dismantle it all or its components.

Tip: clean by mechanical or chemical method. The first involves the use of vacuum pumps and hydro-mechanical devices, the second - the use of special aerosols.

Conclusion

After making a decision on the installation of the ventilation system in a house or apartment, you must responsibly and carefully approach the calculation, selection and installation of air ducts, since their operation will depend on them in the future.

Air ducts for ventilation will become invisible and trouble-free, or you will have to solve additional problems that were violated during the work.

The video in this article will help you find additional information on this topic.

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