Forced ventilation in the apartment - freshness and comfort
Stale air in the apartment in addition to the general discomfort can be a direct threat to human health. The mood in the absence of ventilation drops and the person feels depressed, depressed. The organization of the ventilation system will solve this problem once and for all.
Types of ventilation systems
All types of ventilation systems can be divided into 2 types:
- with natural circulation- A classic example may be the exhaust ventilation in the apartment. At the same time, fresh air comes from the street to the apartment, and polluted air is removed through the hood. Details of the device of such systems are discussed below;
- forced circulation - with this approach, one cannot do without a fan, which, in conditions of low thrust, will create the necessary pressure. Such systems are relevant in private homes in the summer, when the temperature outside and inside the house is almost the same - because of this, the draft is reduced and the air ducts work poorly.
Note! In some cases, fans are installed in air ducts and in multi-storey buildings, for example, to combat the backflow. It should be understood that the use of an overly powerful fan can lead to the fact that the air will blow into the neighboring apartments.
The principle of operation of the exhaust ventilation system
Before you make the ventilation in the apartment is not bad at least in general terms to imagine the principle of its work.
Airing of the dwelling is performed according to the following scheme:
- the air from the premises is taken in by the ventilation ducts and transported to the central duct, through which it moves outside the building;
- if a volume of air approximately equal to that removed through the exhaust channel is not delivered to the room, a vacuum will be created and the hood will stop working. To avoid this you need to organize the flow of air.
In old homes, an influx occurs, as they say, through natural gaps and gaps, but problems can arise in modern homes with an influx.
Note! Installing new sealed double-glazed windows quite often becomes the reason that the efficiency of ventilation decreases.
In this situation, there is no alternative to the device for ventilation. The simplest supply air device in the apartment is a conventional valve that can be placed either on the wall or use the window version. Some windows are sold already equipped with ventilation valves. This, of course, affects their value.
Given the importance of fresh air, it makes sense to analyze in more detail the options of ventilation in the apartment.
The simplest option is to install the valve.
Window valves are good because you don’t need to make a hole in a thick load-bearing wall, and you can do the installation work yourself. On the other hand, the performance of such solutions is low, and the main drawback is that in the winter cold air will flow from them into the room.
Theoretically, it should move down and, flowing around the radiator, heat up. But heating systems do not always work perfectly and this can be a serious problem.
Wall valves will require a through hole in the wall, and a fan is often installed in the duct to enhance their efficiency. From the street, the ventilation duct is almost imperceptible, and to protect it from large debris, animals and insects, the entrance to it is covered with a protective grid.
It can be placed directly behind a heating radiator and then the air will be heated a little during the cold season. All installation instructions are reduced to drilling through holes with a diamond drill in the wall and installing a purchased filling.
Note! If the budget allows, then it is better to place a compact air handling unit in the house. It will suck in the air from the street through the ventilation duct and warm it, so even in the winter it will be comfortable at home. True, the price of such an installation several times exceeds the cost of a simple valve.
Installations with air mix
If the installation of an air conditioner is planned in the room, then you can combine business with pleasure and, together with freshness, also provide air flow from the street. At the same time, it is worthwhile to distinguish between ordinary air conditioning and air conditioning with fresh air ventilation for an apartment.
They are unlikely to be confused, cheap models do not require laying pipes and putting them on the street during installation. Accordingly, they simply drive the air in the room through themselves, and the only benefit is in its cooling (a number of models in addition to cooling also ionize it).
It would be more correct to call such installations not the inflow, but with the function of air mixing. The fact is that the amount of fresh air that enters the room from the street is about 30 - 50%. For the normal functioning of the exhaust ventilation is quite enough.
On the effectiveness of air conditioners with the function of kneading
Such devices should theoretically satisfy the need for a room in an inflow of air masses. However, it is not always possible to achieve this, it all depends on what type of air conditioner is used. The easiest option is to install the device on a wall, which already has an opening for air flow.
The diagram shows a variant of such a setup with inlet air filtration. However, performance in this case will most likely not be enough. The reason for this is a small cross-sectional area of the tributary channel - the cross-section of the opening for the inflow has a diameter of only 4-5 cm, that is, an area within 20 cm2.
It is because of this, even modern air conditioners can provide a maximum flow of 20-30m3 at one o'clock. This is hardly enough for a comfortable long stay in the room of the 1st person.
From this point of view, the duct ventilation ventilation units for the apartment look preferable. The truth in this case will have to tinker with the laying of the supply air ducts.
The device and installation of installations with mix
The air handling units are more efficient than air conditioners with an inflow function, but also labor costs are much higher. The main difficulties are connected with the fact that you need to lay a duct and find a place to accommodate the installation itself.
Otherwise, the principle of operation of such installations is quite simple - the air is sucked from the street, passes through several filters, if necessary is heated and fed into the room. As a rule, such systems are equipped with humidity and temperature sensors.
This system of ventilation for the apartment is selected without additional calculations, you can navigate to the average performance:
- 1 and 2 bedroom apartments - installation capacity should be about 200 - 350 m3/hour;
- 3 and 4-room apartments - the performance of the ventilation is within 350 - 500 m3/hour.
In the apartment, the main unit of the air handling unit can be placed on the balcony. If the PU is installed at the stage of overhaul, then it is possible to dilute the supply air duct into rooms and hide, for example, behind a suspended ceiling
Note! It is advisable to provide in the ceiling service hatches for access to the duct. Otherwise, with the possible repair or the need to perform cleaning, it is necessary to dismantle part of the ceiling.
The installation of ventilation in the apartment can combine both air conditioning and air mixing, as well as conventional PU. Air conditioning can work, for example, in summer, as well as in the 2nd half of spring and early autumn. PU is included in the work when the temperature outside makes the use of air conditioning impossible.
In a private house, it is recommended to use an empty attic room to install the main units of forced ventilation. In this case, the ventilation in the house will include 2 independent branches of air ducts: one will force air into the rooms, the other will remove contaminated.
Note! It may not be rational to divert the supply pipe to each room. In order to ensure the normal circulation of air masses, it is sufficient to simply make a gap between the door and the floor of about 2-3 cm.
Summarizing
The exhaust air duct, even equipped with a powerful fan, will not work normally if you do not provide air to the house from the street. The system of inlet ventilation will cope with this task, and the information in the article will make it possible to determine the optimum type of such a system.
The video in this article shows an example of the simplest ventilation in an apartment.