Domestic water supply and sewage: regulatory requirements

What kind of building codes or joint ventures for domestic water supply and sewage of buildings operate in the Russian Federation? We are to conduct a brief review of the basic requirements of these documents. In addition, in the framework of the article we will provide some reference data and describe the simplest methods for performing calculations of water pipelines. So let's get started.

List of documents

Actually, it consists of only two points, besides, partly overlapping each other.

1. The main document - SNiP on domestic water supply and sewage of buildings number 2.04.01-85. Its current edition was approved by the Ministry of Construction in 1996.
2. The code of rules SP 30.13330.2012 is an updated version of the same SNiP. Since this document dates back to a later date, it will be the main subject for our research; however, it does not cancel the actions of the SNiP.

It is curious: external water supply and sewerage of buildings according to SNiP 3.05.04-85 are also being designed and constructed to date, despite the existence of newer sets of rules SP 31.13330.2012 and 32.13330.2012, partially duplicating its requirements.

Investigating the joint venture 30.13330.2012

Application area

It is limited to water supply and drainage systems for buildings up to 75 meters high, which corresponds to floors 20-25.

The document does not apply:

• On fire water pipes.
• On elevator nodes.
• For specialized water supply systems (water supply for medical procedures, deionized water supply, etc.).

General provisions

In the presence of a central sewage system in the area of ​​construction, buildings are built with internal sewage and water supply systems. In its absence, local sewage treatment plants are used to clean sewage, which should be completed with public institutions and residential buildings above two floors.

In industrial buildings, the water supply and wastewater system may be absent if the enterprise does not have a central water supply, and the number of employees in a shift does not exceed 25 people.

Water quality and temperature

The quality of drinking water should comply with the requirements set out in SanPiN 2.1.4.1074. For production needs, it is determined by technological requirements.

The temperature of the hot water supply at points of discharge should be in the range of 60 - 75 degrees.

Author's note: in reality, this requirement is violated, probably more often than any other. According to the current temperature schedules, at +8 outside, the water temperature in the supply pipe of the heating main should be 46.4 - 53.2 C. From where in this case the minimum 60 can be taken, the author is totally incomprehensible.

In kindergartens and nurseries, the temperature of the hot water supply should not be above +37 C.

Non-potable water may be supplied to toilets (urinals and flushing cisterns). With lower processing requirements, the price per cubic meter will be noticeably lower.

Plumbing systems

• Hot water supply from the heating main is undesirable. It is recommended to cook it on site in heat exchangers and water heaters.
• Fire water supply can be combined with domestic and industrial drinking.
• The DHW system should be circulating to maintain the temperature of the hot water in the absence of a tap. For this purpose, the risers of buildings above 4 floors are combined into groups (from 3 to 7 pieces); jumpers are laid on the attic or in the apartments.

The pressure at the level of the water intake points should be in accordance with the following table:

Important: a pressure of one atmosphere corresponds to a height of water column of 10 meters. Accordingly, any building above 25 meters to meet these requirements must be completed with intermediate swapping on the middle floors. In practice, the swap, if any, is installed in the basement or in a separate building.

Sewage

Drainage of sewage should be organized by gravity closed pipelines. Sewerage lines are laid straight; turns are performed with the obligatory installation of the corresponding fashonina. The bias remains constant throughout the site.

Useful stuff

Finally, we will offer the reader a certain amount of unsystematic information related to the design, construction and maintenance of water pipes.

• The distance from the water supply to the foundation of the building must be at least 5 meters.

However: according to SNiP 2.07.01-07, when laying a steel or plastic conduit in a protective case, the distance from the water supply to the building can be reduced to one and a half meters.

• If the water supply network passes through the buildings in transit, it remains in the area of ​​responsibility of the City Water Network. The housing organization is only obliged to provide access to the highway.
• With your own hands, the following table will help to calculate the diameter of the water supply system for a house or apartment:

• Instructions for calculating the peak water consumption is reduced to the use of another table:

• If it is intended to use several points at the same time, the flow through them is summed up. For example, for a bathtub, a toilet bowl with a tank and a kitchen sink it will be 0.25 + 0.10 + 0.12 = 0.47 l / s.

Conclusion

We hope that the material of this article will be able to help the reader in learning the basics of designing water pipes and sewage systems. The video in this article will offer additional information. Successes!