How are artesian wells drilled?

If you want to build a house in an area where there is no centralized water supply, the best option for extracting water is to drill an artesian well. Of course, you can dig a well, but this idea is quite risky. Even if the site has a point with a closely located aquifer, there is no guarantee that the water is suitable for drinking and will not dry out periodically.

Next, we will look at how to perform an artesian well and what is needed for this.

General information

Types of wells

Immediately it should be said that the wells are of two types:

• Sandy - have a small depth.
• Artesian - sampling is carried out from deep water reserves.

In the first case, you can organize the system on your own, without the appropriate permission for water.

However, this solution has almost the same drawbacks as a conventional well device:

• Unknown amount of water and its flow rate (water loss).
• Water may occasionally disappear as a result of seasonal fluctuations in the level.
• May not be suitable for drinking.

Therefore, it is better to immediately perform an artesian well, despite the fact that this procedure is more complicated and troublesome. In addition, if you are going to build or have already built, a large house with a pool and fountains, you simply cannot do without an artesian well.

Advantages artesian wells

The main advantage of the second option is high water loss. Therefore, this type of water supply is especially important for holiday villages. (See also the article Which Pump is Better for a Well: Selection Features.)

Tip! Often neighbors order drilling to provide water to several houses at once. Thus, you can significantly reduce the cost of its production.

In addition, there are a number of other advantages of such a solution, among which are the following points:

• If the drilling is done qualitatively, in accordance with the correct technology, the well will have a very long life. Depending on soil conditions, it can be 50 years or more.
• The water level is constant and completely independent of the season and weather conditions.. Even in the hottest summer you will be fully provided with cool water.
• Water extracted from a great depth is much cleaner and better than from a well..

disadvantages

All disadvantages are associated only with the complexity of the organization of water extraction:

• The first problem is that the aquifer is located very deep - from seventy to a thousand meters. Accordingly, the price of work will be high.
• The second problem is connected with obtaining a license for the right to use subsoil. This is due to the fact that artesian water is equal to natural resources.

Performance of artesian well

Obtaining a license

To obtain permission to drill an artesian well, you must perform the following steps:

• The first hydrogeological study conducted land. Based on its results, an act is drawn up for designing a water intake center.
• Next, you need to contact the consumer to ensure that the service has given the conclusion whether it is possible to drill an artesian well in your area. The fact is that each well should have its own sanitary security zone, the radius of which, as a rule, is thirty meters. For individuals, the radius can be reduced.
• Next, you need to contact the territorial center of state. subsoil monitoring This service provides an opinion on the design of the system.

If all stages have been completed successfully, then you should be given a license, which will give the right to use the water bowels. After that you should contact a special organization that is engaged in drilling. At this stage, you can pre-find out how much it costs to drill an artesian well.

Drilling

Drilling technology consists of several stages:

• First of all, the breed is destroyed.
• Then the rock is removed.
• The final stage is the construction of well casing.

It is impossible to do the drilling of an artesian well with your own hands, therefore special mobile drilling rigs are used for these purposes, which are usually made on the basis of ZIL, MAZ and KAMAZ vehicles. Some organizations use imported drilling rigs, which are made on the basis of tracked vehicles.

A boring tool is a roller bit that can have different diameters.

The drilling instructions are as follows:

• Upper rocks are drilled using large chisels. While taking out the rock, the drill should notice its changes and record them in a log. In this case, the well is washed with a mud.
• When the drill stumbles on solid limestone, the drilling should be stopped for a while and the well should be equipped with a casing. To do this, you can use plastic, steel and asbestos-cement pipes. The quality and the final cost of drilling an artesian well will depend on the choice of pipes.
• Next, the limestone is drilled with a chisel of a smaller diameter. When this is done, the limestone is washed with clean water so that the mud solution does not penetrate the clean aquifer for the well.
• When drilling, it is extremely important to isolate the lower clear aquifers from the upper ones. For this purpose, a special material is used - compactonite, which swells several times when released into a humid environment.
• After reaching the aquifer, the casing is perforated.

Note! After all drilling operations have been completed, the specialists should check the well and take the necessary measurements. After that, the owner is issued a passport, which indicates the debit, depth, height of the water level and other parameters.

Conclusion

As we found out, it is not so easy to perform an artesian well in your area. However, having spent once on this process time, money and effort, you will fully provide yourself with clean, high-quality water for many years.

Additional information on this topic can be obtained from the video in this article.