How to make a well in the country
The source of clean water is a guarantee of health. Most often at the dacha plots one can only dream of centralized water supply. How to be in this situation? One of the rational decisions - the arrangement of the well. This article will discuss how to make a well in the country with their own hands, we will also show photos and video instructions for installing the well.
Ground test
Aquifers are located very unevenly, so you should not plan a place for the future well, based only on the recommendations of local old-timers or visionaries with a vine. A more reliable indicator of the depth of the waters is nature. We indicate the most characteristic signs:
- In a certain place of the dacha, trees such as willow, birch, and alder grow.
- The grass in the vicinity of underground water is brighter and more juicy.
- In the early summer mornings, fog swirls over the same place.
If all the signs are there, then carry out exploratory drilling, for which the usual garden auger is also suitable. Already at a depth of about 10 m everything will become clear if water appeared in the well, it means that the placement of the aquifer is set correctly.
Since the depth of a prospecting well averages 6–10 meters, it is necessary to provide for the possibility to increase the length of the drill.
You can also use such indirect signs as the location of the well at the neighbors (the distance between them is not more than 50 mm), as well as the location of the folds of the terrain - it is much more likely to detect water in the lowland than on the hill. Do not immediately begin the preparatory work on the arrangement of the well in the place chosen for this.
According to the rules of sanitary safety, the source of drinking water should be located at a distance of more than 30–40 m from such facilities as cesspools, filter-sumps, toilets and other sources of potential water pollution.
To be sure, water samples can be sent to experts for analysis: they will be able to determine its suitability for drinking.
It is not a secret that chemical and food production closely located in a given area can cause poor water quality, for example, a high content of heavy metal salts (lead, cadmium, etc.).
Select the type of well
How to build water intake at a dacha depends on the depth of groundwater: if they are found at a depth of 10–15 m, then you can dig the well itself, otherwise you need to tune in to drill a well.
For drinking purposes, in most cases, the so-called “high water pipe”, the waters of which contain a significant amount of mechanical impurities, is not suitable. Such water will have to be filtered for a long time, the flow rate of the well (its daily output) is expected to be low, and the pump installed in such a well will quickly fail.
Next, establish the degree of density of the soil. Self-digging a well on light soils is dangerous: blockages and collapse are possible. Therefore, with several accommodation options, they choose not the one that is closer to the summer house, but the one on which the soil is more dense.
The next question that needs to be determined is the choice of the geometry of the mine: round or square in plan. The first variant is more technological, under which it is easier to pick up concrete rings. Lovers of traditional wells will be limited to a square tip with a tent and a shed.
Preparatory work
The preparatory work is performed in the following sequence:
- At the approximate depth of the aquifer, the required number of concrete rings is acquired (preferably with a margin of one element).
- Crushed stone, sand and gravel, necessary for filling gaps between the walls of the mine and the outer surfaces of the ring, as well as for the construction of a bottom filter are imported.
- If necessary, soil is planned at the site of the well shaft construction: slopes of more than 3% are unacceptable.
- Sealing material is purchased to isolate individual sections of the rings - resinous hemp is most suitable for this purpose, although you can use ordinary cement mortar, which is covered with waterproof putty from above, although the mine digging process will slow down.
Digging and construction of the well is best done in August-September, when the water table is the lowest.
Do not forget about the basic rules of safety. Work is carried out with the use of protective helmets, high rubber boots, safety cable, and always together, alternating with so that the total time spent in the mine shaft does not exceed two hours.
Sequence of work
Having marked the place for the future mine, they perform it to a depth that is sufficient for the installation of the first of the rings. The ring is installed strictly vertically and so that it protrudes beyond the prepared surface of the soil to a height of at least 100 mm. The shaft of the mine is digging to the width of the concrete ring with an allowance of 300–500 mm for arranging the bedding and the wellhead. A second ring is mounted on top, which is securely attached to the previous one. The pit in the mine continues to be dug out conically so that the outer perimeter of the trunk is lower than its center: in this case, the first ring under the action of gravity plunges into the ground (for heavy soils, carefully select it under the ring, and successively along the whole generatrix).
Upon reaching the aquifer, digging of the mine continues until the water layer at the bottom reaches a depth of 400–500 mm. After that, the water is removed, and the well, covered with a tarpaulin, is left for 12-14 hours.
The extraction of water from the mine continues until the bottom is clean, and the aquifers will be well defined by the naked eye.
After that, the sand-gravel filter is set up (sand + gravel + crushed stone) and a day later the water level that emerged from under the filter is checked - it should be at least 1.5 m. If this level is reached, you can arrange the dumping, design well and the installation of a well house with a reliable hatch and roof.
Video
From this video, you will learn how to build a well without help:
A photo
