Hydro drilling of water

Drilling a water well at a site in many cases is the only way to get a source of high-quality drinking water that does not depend on seasonality. But drilling a well in a built-up area is fraught with many difficulties and costs. In this case, it is worthwhile to carry out the drilling of wells in the water with your own hands.

What is hydrodrilling

Hydrodrilling is based on the method of rock destruction under the action of a jet of water - it is fed along a hollow rod, at the end of which a nozzle is located. In its pure form, hydrodrilling as a method of setting wells is used extremely rarely, since it requires a lot of water pressure, in addition, using this method, it is impossible to drill layers of dense clay. In case of contact with the flown water, water absorption is greatly increased, and the settling sand dramatically slows down the drilling process. With the help of hydro drilling, you can drill a well to a depth of no more than 15 m and a diameter of 50–300 mm.

The most commonly used method is hydro-drilling with a burr. Its difference from the classical hydro-drilling is available at the end of the hollow bar of the logger or chisel, this method is also called rope-rotary drilling. The destruction of the soil occurs under the action of a jet of fluid and a drilling tool. The load is provided by the mass of the drilling rig itself, and the destroyed rock is brought to the surface with the help of drilling mud or water. This method is in many ways similar to the rotary drilling method, the main difference is the absence of a rotor. A drill, prospecting or petal, cone-shaped form is used as a logger for better centering of the well and passage of dense layers of soil.

With the installation of MBU

How to drill a well under water hydrodrilling? The device of the well with the help of this method does not require bulky equipment, because it is used for drilling wells in soft rocks of the soil (sandy, sand, clay). In rocks, this method does not apply. Most often, a small-sized collapsible installation (MBU) is used for drilling a well with the help of hydro drilling. The installation consists of a collapsible frame, an engine with a gearbox and the possibility of reversing, with a capacity of at least 2.2 kW, a winch for raising and lowering drill rods, a swivel that connects the drill rods to the engine and to which the pressure hose is connected to supply fluid and a water pump, It is better to use a petrol pump.

The process of drilling a well with the help of MBU consists of the following steps:

• installation installation;
• pit equipment;
• drilling;
• prewash;
• well draft and filter device;
• final flushing of the well.

For the construction of the well with the help of MBU will require from 5 to 20 m³ water, so to start work you need to take care of its stock, if there is no open natural source nearby. Before starting work near the wellhead at a distance of 1–1.5 m, two sumps (sump) are dug out. One of the pit will act as a filter, so it should be located closer to the work site, the size of the pit for the filter is approximately 0.7? 0.7? 0.7 m. The second pit is the main one and is located a little further, the size of the main pit is taken a bit more filter. The pit and the wellhead are connected using shallow trenches or trays. At the bottom of the filter pit during drilling, large particles of washed-out rock fall out, which need to be removed while drilling, and already relatively clean water enters the main pit through the trench, from where it is again taken by the suction pipe of the motor-pump. The device of the pits allows not only to reduce water consumption, but also does not allow to turn the site into a swamp.

As soon as everything is ready, start drilling. The rig is turned on simultaneously with the launch of the motor pump. Depending on the type of soil, the working solution (water or mud) is selected. For drilling in the sands, it is better to use clay mud, since it firmly strengthens the walls of the well, thus preventing them from collapsing, in clay soils, drilling can be done by washing with clean water to pass through dense layers of soil, quartz sand is added to the water. The composition of the washing liquid solution should be changed when changing the composition of the soil.

End of drilling and well completion

The drilling process continues until the opening of the aquifer. The fact that the aquifer has been opened will be indicated by an increase in the amount of circulating water from the bottom of the well. As a rule, the aquifer is represented by fine or coarse sands. As soon as the aquifer is reached, the well is rinsed with a large amount of clean water, after flushing the drill rods are removed, it must be done carefully so as not to bring down the walls of the well. If the rods are removed with great effort, this means that the washing was not done properly.

After the extraction of a drilling tool, the well is cased with polyethylene or metal pipes, as a rule, plastic is used. The most commonly used pipe diameter is 116 mm or 125 mm. At the end of the pipe, a filter is arranged; it can be made independently by drilling holes in the pipe or cutting open slots with a grinder, then wrapping the filter with geotextile fabric, which is fixed with clamps.

After everything is ready, the casing is lowered into the well, and the space between the filter and the walls of the well is filled with rubble or gravel, a fraction of 5–20 mm - this increases the life of the well, after which the well is washed again. As soon as the well is flushed, lower the pump with lifting pipes, connect the adapter and pump the well. The pump must be installed in such a way that it does not touch the bottom, and the water level above it is not less than 3 m.

Video

This video shows the process of drilling a water well using the Universal Universal Drilling Rig: