Small well drilling rig - design features

If in the village where your country house is located there is no centralized water supply, then sooner or later the question of water supply organization will arise. The best option is to perform the well, but this will require a special installation. Next, we will look at what small-size drilling rigs are and how they can be made independently.

Of course, you can not bother with this work at all and hire specialists. However, the price of their services varies depending on the soil conditions and can be up to $ 200 per meter, which is “affordable” for not everyone. Therefore, if you are familiar with the plumbing, it makes sense to do the work yourself.

In addition, the presence of a homemade drilling rig, it is also a great way to earn extra money, especially if your site is located in a newly built holiday village. Moreover, the device can be used not only for drilling wells, but also performing pile foundations.

Drilling technology

Before starting work on the fabrication of the structure, it is necessary to consider what technology can be used for drilling wells with a small-sized installation.

There are two common methods:

• Rotational;
• Rope shock.

Now consider the features of each of them.

Note! Before choosing the type of structure, it is necessary to determine the approximate depth of the soil horizon. To do this, measure the depth of the wells in adjacent areas.

Rotational method

This principle resembles the performance of holes in the ice, which in winter are made by anglers - the drill is rotated into the ground by rotation, and then pulled out to the surface along with the soil.

Small installations designed for rotary drilling of Buryat only soft soil to a relatively small depth.

If you want to make the installation more powerful, you will have to meet the following conditions:

• The weight of the structure in working condition must be at least 1500 kg.
• The mechanism must be implemented on hydraulics.
• The height of the telescopic mast must be at least 5 meters.

Of the minuses of this design, the following points can be highlighted:

• Manufacturing difficulty;
• Less mobility;
• Manufacturing requires serious costs.

With regard to advantages, it can be noted that the drilling of wells with portable units of this type can be performed at an angle. In addition, you can more accurately open the aquifer than in the case of percussion drilling.

Tip! If the well is supposed to be at a shallow depth, then you can do the drilling yourself without using the installation. To do this, you only need a drill with stackable bars, which can be rotated by two people.

Percussion drilling

Much easier is the case with percussion drilling. This technology appeared thousands of years ago in China.

Instructions for performing wells in this way is extremely simple:

• A chisel is thrown into the ground along guides from a certain height.
• Then the chisel is raised with the help of cables attached to it. For lifting, you can use a motor of sufficient power.
• Then the operation is repeated, and so on until the well reaches the required depth.

The advantages of this design are as follows:

• The drilling machine is quite compact.
• The design is reliable and has a good margin of safety.
• Shock-wire drilling with small installations can be performed by one person, however, it is better to get the soil from the drill together.
• You can drill deep. On simple soils, the well can reach 100 meters.
• The technology is extremely simple and does not require any additional costs, for example, for drilling mud or pump.
• In one stroke, a well can go up to a meter, but most often it is 20-40 cm, which is also not small.

The truth is not to say that this method is fast. It can take a week to complete a 40-meter well. Now let's take a closer look at the device of a small-sized installation.

Installation design

At the heart of the most simple drilling rig, regardless of its type, is a tripod. Its height is usually up to five meters. At the very top of the structure there is a cable winch or cable block, with the help of which a drill or chisel rises to the surface with an electric motor (also read the article “Well in the House - Usability).

As materials for the tripod, you can use ordinary pipes. If the well is executed by a small-sized installation, it will be a screw method, then you will need to perform a drill with expandable rods, which are usually fixed in a threaded manner.

A bar is a device designed to transmit rotation from the engine or hands to the drill. Rods can have a length of up to 1.8 meters. When the structure is submerged to the level of the soil, not having reached the required depth, its length is increased with the help of the next rod.

Separately, it should be said about the storm itself, which can be of several types:

• Spiral drill - is a steel rod with a pointed end. To it, at a distance of about 200 mm from the sharp tip, a pair of knives are welded, which can be made from halves of a steel disk with a thickness of about 100-150 mm. Knives are welded at a small angle to the horizontal - about 20 degrees.
• Lozhkovy - is a steel cylinder with a longitudinal spiral slot. Boer spoon can be rolled out of sheet steel or made from a pipe by making a slot.

Note! The drill needs to be done in such a way that it plunges into the earth while rotating clockwise.

If a water well with a small-sized installation will be made using a cable-hammer method, then a chisel is needed, which can be made of steel pipe with a special cutting device at the end. In this case, the cutting edge should be made in such a way that it resembles a half of the auger coil.

Tip! It is necessary to clear a chisel from soil through each one and a half meter of deepening.

Conclusion

All elements of a small installation designed for drilling wells, easy to do yourself. To do this, you just need to have the skills to work with the welding machine and grinder. Otherwise, this issue is quite solvable (see also the article Pump stuck in a well: causes, elimination, prevention).

Additional information on this topic can be obtained from the video in this article.