Water supply system from a well and a well: we assemble

In country houses, where there is no central water supply system, there is a need for an autonomous water supply and for this purpose hydrophores and submersible pumps are used. The executive function of both devices is almost the same, but there are some features that determine the advantages and disadvantages of such units.

Below we will talk about such nuances, about the connection, and also see the thematic video in this article.

Water supply to the house

Recommendation. If you purchased a country plot without a source of water supply, then you will have to make it, and here you will face the choice of whether a well or an artesian well is better. In such cases, it is best to ask how the neighbors are doing and to take water samples from them, as well as to pay attention to their experience.

Source selection

• When the aquifer in your area is at the level of 4-15 m, that is the meaning of the arrangement of the well, which will be quite enough for a family of 4-5 people. In addition, if you equip it with your own hands, you will have to pay only for materials, whereas in order to drill a well, in any case, you need to hire equipment and workers.
• It should be noted that the upper groundwater can get into the well, which lowers the quality of the source, but if the waterproofing of the joints on the rings and the point of entry of the pipe is made qualitatively, then it does not threaten you. In some places, wells do not dig at all — only wells, but this indicates either low water levels, or, conversely, the presence of an underground river near the surface. However, the well can be operated in the absence of electricity, which is impossible for the well.

• If a well is placed on the sand, this means that it affects only the upper layers, where the aquifer is suitable for human consumption. It is located below the loam, which is a filter for rainwater, snowmelt and groundwater, but its depth in different areas may differ, so the level of drilling varies from 10 to 50 m in depth. The supply of water in this arrangement is about 500 liters.
• Due to the fact that the filters are constantly clogged with sand and silt, the life of such a source does not exceed 5 years, but this is the minimum resource. If, for example, an underground river flows through your section, then you get an almost inexhaustible source of water, and the filters will not be blocked. In such cases, the life of the source may be more than 20 years.
• The artesian well differs from the sand one in that the water here is taken from a layer of limestone, which can be located at a depth of 35 to 100 m and even more. But the water here is of higher quality and its minimum supply will be 1500 liters, and for the maximum there are no restrictions at all.
• For private use, an artesian is seldom done, with a maximum depth of no more than 135 m, and this is primarily due to paperwork. The fact is that in the Russian Federation this aquifer is the property of the state, therefore, for the production of works, you need to obtain an appropriate permit and register it. In addition, the price of such a well arrangement is quite high, and if you finally decided to do it, then it is much more convenient to drill it in a clubhouse with your neighbors.

Pumps

Pumps for pumping water from wells and wells are divided into two types - submersible (deep) and surface (hydrophores). Hydrophores with ejectors are used exclusively for shallow wells and wells - the instruction suggests that the water should be no more than 9 m. In cases where this distance increases, then submersible pumps should be used here..

Such a pumping station is installed in the house, or a special insulated pit is made for it on the street. To start it is necessary to pour water into the system - this is done through the filler hole, which is at the top and flows until it starts to overflow. (See also the article Replacing the pump in the well: features of the work.)

It is quite possible that at start-up you will have to add more water, since the resulting air jams will impede the work, that is, the impeller may be idling through the air.

Submersible pumps have different diameters and different capacities, therefore, first of all you will have to determine the amount of water consumed per day in order to calculate the capacity of the unit, as well as to select its diameter. Wells are usually made narrow, sometimes no more than 100-150 mm, so this parameter is very important.

The advantage of a deep-seated instrument is that it practically doesn’t matter at what distance the mirror is, because it is still lowered into the water.

Of course, the scheme of the water supply system of a private house from a well or a well with the help of a submersible pump is somewhat more complicated than for a hydrophore, but the technical side of the issue improves by an order of magnitude. In addition to the increased power of the node, you also get a backup tank, which allows you to reduce the number of on and off, thereby increasing the service life of the device.

The average water consumption for bathrooms

Recommendation. When choosing the pump capacity, you should consider not only the possible consumption of the consumer, but also the ability of the well (well) to restore the stock. In those cases, if the water level falls, and the pump will suffice air, it can simply burn out.

Assembly work

If you decide to use a submersible pump, then first of all you need to understand the connection of automation, which is located in the house and often make a plastered pit for it. However, the scheme itself is not so complicated, besides, it is printed separately for each unit, but here you should decide on the automation.

The pressure switch and the dry-running sensor can be as one unit, but can be produced separately and practice shows that the second option is more reliable, and it costs less.

The well may be right in the house and then the installation of the water supply is somewhat simplified, as is seen in the photo above, but the source can also be on the street. In such cases, the pipeline needs a trench, and its depth will depend on the level of soil freezing in the region. A sand cushion is poured at the bottom of the trench, a pipe is laid on it and again filled with sand, so that random stones in the ground do not damage its walls.

From the pump to the reserve tank, a 32 mm polyethylene pipe is mounted (without options), and the rest of the bridges are connected by polypropylene (ecoplast). When choosing a backup tank, you should not skimp on the capacity, increasing it, you reduce the number of starts and shutdowns, and 70-100 liters will be enough for a country house. (See also the article Which pump is better for a well: how to choose.)

The factory settings of the pressure switch are set so that at a pressure of 2 bar the pump starts and shuts off at 3 bar. Here there is another opportunity to equalize the operation of the unit - just set the shutdown to 5 bar, and the start to 1.5 bar - so the relay will work much less frequently. In hydrophores, it is also possible to change such settings, but there it is much more difficult to do so that it is better to leave them unchanged.

Unfortunately, not all power lines, or rather, transformers on them, can provide a stable voltage, and for pumps, both submersible and surface, this is very important. Therefore, for uninterrupted operation they are connected through a voltage regulator, and the power is selected in mutual accordance with the parameters.

But this is only suitable in cases where the stabilizer is used exclusively for the pump, and if you install it immediately after the meter, then it should correspond to the power of all current collectors in the house combined.

Recommendation. When installing the hydrophore, the pipe from the ejector to the tank should be on a slope - any counter-slope will contribute to the creation of air plugs and even the exit of the unit out of operation. For submersible pumps, this does not matter, as the water intake is made directly by the device itself.

Conclusion

As you can see, the system of water supply to the house from a well or a well does not constitute anything extremely difficult if you follow all the requirements during its installation. The only problem is the possibility of power outages, so if in your area it happens especially often, then you better get a small diesel power plant.