Water wells: what you need to know

Having your own home away from the noisy and dirty city is a dream of many people. However, acquiring for the construction of the necessary site often have to deal with the fact that from the communication systems on it there is only electricity, and the usual water for a city dweller is either of the wrong quality or delivered by a special service.

To solve such problems, water wells were invented, which could turn into an autonomous source of life-giving moisture right in the yard.

Manufacturing process

To begin with, it should be mentioned that such structures are very complex engineering structures that require not only the presence of specialized equipment, but also certain conditions of maintenance..

You should not think that it is enough just to drill a hole in the ground and good drinking water will go out of it, since this process needs some preparation and even research.

Given this, it is immediately worth noting that it will be very problematic or simply impossible to make such a construction with your own hands.

Documentation

• First of all, it is necessary to assemble a package of documents on the basis of which drilling will be carried out.
• The fact is that special communications or other systems can pass in the chosen place, the damage of which can lead to serious consequences.
• It is also necessary to understand that water is a natural resource owned by the state. You can not just extract water from the ground without a special permit. That is why you need to go through the official licensing of water wells.

• The next step is to clarify what rocks lie on your site, because the depth of the structure, and hence the type of equipment used and the final cost will depend on it. If there is no such data anywhere, then the work will need to be carried out either after appropriate geological exploration or by trial.
• Special attention should be paid to the fact that the upper layers of the water can be unsuitable for drinking. Therefore, quite often they pass, going deep to good sources. At the same time, many masters recommend taking the old act for the conservation of a water well located nearby or a license for existing systems and on the basis of these documents determine the required depth.

Tip! It must be said that the independent collection of all necessary documents is quite problematic and can take a lot of time. That is why it is worth contacting special companies that will not only help prepare all the permits and acts, but also work on them.

Drilling

• First you need to note one important point regarding the classification. The fact is that there is a perfect and imperfect water well.
• The first one is buried to the whole layer of occurrence of the moisture-bearing rock, and the second is only half. At the same time, there is little difference in the pressure for private use, but the name itself and the additional cost of the work becomes a good lure for the uninitiated people, who by doing so make additional revenue to the companies. Therefore, you should not give in to emotions or excessive practicality and sometimes overpay quite impressive amounts.

• Drilling wells at the site is made using special equipment. At the moment there are a number of models designed specifically for these works and their choice is best done on the basis of the required depth.
• The penetration is carried out with the help of a screw drill, taking out layers of earth. The design of the water well involves the simultaneous installation of casing. Their purpose is to protect against mechanical damage to the main trunk and prevent ingress of polluted water or sand with silt.

• Such pipes are made of metal and during installation they close up joints between them for sealing. Working with such material is quite difficult and at the same time it is highly corroded and can even give the metal a metallic taste.
• Recently, professional craftsmen advised to use special plastic pipes. They are much more practical and not subject to rotting. It should be said that the price of such material is much less.

• The process of drilling wells produced in several stages. First use a thick drill, and then begin to reduce its diameter. The same applies to casing.
• The result is a telescopic structure tapering downwards. This design is due to pressure compensation in the system and additional savings.
• If in the process of work water was found in the upper layers (10-15 meters), then, first of all, it must be taken for analysis. After a positive result in quality, drilling can be stopped, but it is worth remembering that such sources are very unreliable and can easily be contaminated from the surface. That is why professional craftsmen recommend taking water from a depth of at least 25 metros, although this depends on many different factors.

• Only a thorough study of the soil and water can give an accurate result. For this, many companies not only have specialists in their staff who are not only familiar with the concept of sanitary protection zone of a well intake, but also are able to perform analysis right at the work site.

Tip! To work special equipment requires a certain space. That is why it is more expedient to first install the well and only after that proceed to the construction of the house. It will also provide the site with the necessary water for some operations.

Additional systems

• After the well is made, the main pipe is placed into it, through which water will be supplied. At the same time, a kind of well, protected from the environment, is made above it.
• A security zone of the water well is also created. It is designed to eliminate contamination of the soil at a certain distance from the structure or accidental ingress of microbes or bacteria there.

• For purification of water using special filters. Professional masters recommend the use of two-chamber design, using a fine mesh and sump. It is believed that water from a great depth is clean enough, but this does not mean that it should not be boiled before use.
• It should be noted that the filter is installed on the deepest part of the well, since this is the only way to protect it from the formation of raids on the pipes. However, it is often combined with a submersible pump, which allows for the repair of one system to immediately carry out the prevention or replacement of another component.
• In order to create a constant pressure in the system, a separate tank is installed, performing the functions of a kind of receiver. At the same time he will create a certain reserve of water.

• It should be noted that the installation manual advises the use of additional pumps. In deep wells, submersible units are mounted directly to the bottom. If the water goes by gravity, it is enough to use an ordinary pump that creates pressure in the system.
• Special attention should be paid to such a device as a hydroaccumulator. It allows you to create a certain margin of pressure in the system during operation of the pump and after shutting down it is able to maintain pressure during a certain period of use.
• As a result, the primary winding of the motor is subjected to less stress, which can increase the service life and even prevent a short circuit as a result of intense overloads.
• You can also combine several nodes, creating a system that works separately with the tank and wiring. However, it should be noted that the distribution of the water supply after the well should be made according to a separate project.

Tip! You should not install a powerful submersible pump, if the water goes by gravity under good pressure. This will lead to high costs during installation and subsequent maintenance.

Conclusion

By viewing the video in this article, you can get more detailed information about the wells. At the same time, on the basis of this article, it should be concluded that the drilling process is rather complex and requires not only the availability of certain skills, but also the appropriate equipment. This particularly applies to structures whose depth exceeds 5-6 meters.

Special attention should be paid to the fact that water wells are made according to SNIP, and it is strictly forbidden to depart from the instructions given in these instructions. Violation of technological processes of installation can lead to the fact that the well is simply not licensed, but rather sealed.