Well construction: how to plan and build a structure

There are many reasons for arranging individual water supply in a country plot. This may be the lack of a central water supply or the poor quality of the water supplied to them, regular interruptions in the work of the public service.

Therefore, many of us carry out the construction of wells at the site with our own hands.

Facility planning

First, about when the choice of such a source of water supply is the best solution.

When to choose a well

Thinking what to choose as a well intake point - a well or a well, proceed from the following points.

1. The level of the aquifer.
2. The planned fluid flow.
3. Variety of soil.
4. Available equipment and tools.
5. The frequency of interruptions in the supply of electrical energy.

Of the three aquifers, as a source of drinking water, the medium, ie, groundwater, is used in most cases.

1. Verkhovka (first layer) is not suitable for this purpose, because the water in it is of poor quality, and the filling of the lens depends on precipitation and melt water.
2. The deepest layer - artesian, has the best fluid quality. However, the cost of construction and maintenance of such faces is quite high.
3. Therefore, if the groundwater is located at a depth of 10/20 m, then it is best to give preference to the well.

Construction of the well with their own hands does not require the use of special equipment and sophisticated tools. To maintain it is simple. In addition, if it is not equipped with automatic water supply systems, and manually get water from the well, the building will be independent of electricity.

Search for water

First you need to choose the location of the hydraulic structure and determine the level of groundwater on it.

1. Independently carry out research is quite difficult.
2. Based on this, ask your neighbors. Most likely, if they use the well, then its depth will be suitable for your future construction.
3. When the neighbors use the well or central water supply, it is best to entrust the geodesic studies of the site to specialists.

Note! It is necessary to place the drinking well at a certain distance from the sewage facilities: septic tanks, street latrines and cesspools. According to the norms of SanPiN and SNiP, this distance should be at a minimum of 20 meters.

Design and materials of hydraulic structures

There are two types of wells: tubular and mine.

The first of them are also called pillars, so they are all known to us as “columns”. Water from them is pumped with a hand sucker pump. Tubular structures are installed where aquifers do not lie deep, are built quickly, but they do not dig, but are drilled. Therefore, for their construction necessary drilling equipment.

On this basis, the most common mine wells.

These waterworks, which people use since ancient times, consist of four elements.

1. The cap is a top (ground) superstructure for a well, designed to protect moisture from dust, debris, winter cold, etc.
2. Mine is a barrel for transporting fluid.
3. Water intake.
4. Sump. The last two elements are intended for the accumulation of water.

There are two types of water intake device.

1. Imperfect (incomplete) is called a structure in which the lining of the mine does not come into contact with the waterproof layer below. With this design, the liquid enters the well through its walls and bottom.
2. With a perfect (full) receiving water lining rests on the waterproof layer (bottom). Water reserves are replenished, in this case, through the walls of the trunk.

Sump is a pit in a waterproof layer of rock, designed to increase the accumulation of the resource. The same goal is pursued by expanding the water intake at the bottom.

Full, with an extended receiver or having a well sump, is optimal for areas with high daily water consumption.

Note! One should not think that the optimal technology for the construction of a well is when the higher its capacity is, the better. If the difference between the daily water consumption and the total accumulated volume of the water intake point is significant, then the water in it will start to stagnate.

For the arrangement of the well with your own hands it is best to apply, at the moment, rings of reinforced concrete. In terms of cost, quality and ease of installation, incomplete mine structures made of reinforced concrete rings are optimal. We will talk about them.

Project implementation

First of all, you will need to dig a shaft and mount the rings.

First method

1. Initially, install a concrete ring made of concrete at a selected point.
2. Next, from the inside of it and from under the outside of the walls, select the soil.
3. So that it was not necessary to throw the soil through the ring, you can first dig a hole of the desired diameter, having a depth of 50/70 cm, then put the ring.
4. If the soil is loose - choose the soil from the middle to the edges. When the ground is solid - first dig the lower edge of the ring, then clean the middle.
5. During the removal of the earth, under its mass, the ring will begin to sink down. Once it is completely in place, put the second section of the well and fasten it with the first.
6. When a well is being constructed from concrete rings, so that the joints between them become airtight, lay them with hemp rope.

1. The sections of the compounds located above the water surface, fill the cement-sand mixture.

Note! When you set up a drinking well, do not use compounds (solutions, mastics, sealants) that contain toxic chemical components. They will spoil the taste characteristics of water and make it dangerous for consumption.

1. On loose soil, the problem of clamping one of the upper rings is common. That is, when the lower tier is lowered, the upper one remains in place. This leads to the formation of a gap.

1. In order to avoid this, after their installation, the rings need to be connected to each other with four plates of steel, placing them equally spaced. This will provide an opportunity to prevent the formation of gaps in the construction trunk, which is especially important when the construction of a sewer well.
2. These plates are fixed to the concrete rings with steel bolts or brackets through pre-made holes.

Second way

1. It is suitable for solid soils, when the danger of shedding the walls of the face is minimal.
2. The method is characterized by the fact that the mine first digs, and then concrete rings go down into it. In this case, the diameter of the pit should be increased by 20/30 cm. After mounting the rings, backfill.
3. Work is suspended when water actively begins to flow into the mine and three or more springs form at its bottom.

1. Next, pump out all the liquid, and remove about 4/5 of the rock buckets.
2. Then turn off the pump, cover the well and wait 12 hours.
3. After that, pump out the accumulated water and clean the bottom of the shaft (with the pump on) so that the water-bearing keys are visible.
4. Then again cover the well for 24 hours.

1. Then again pump out the water and begin to equip the bottom filter.

Safety

When we build a well with our own hands, do not forget about elementary precautionary measures.

1. You will work in a deep enough pit. The temperature in it is significantly lower than on the surface. So as not to overcool, periodically take breaks. In the course of their rise to the top.
2. Most dangerous are gas pockets, you can stumble upon them, delving into the depths of the earth.

Note! How to avoid this problem? Get down into the mine with a burning torch or splinter. Watch the fire - as long as it burns steadily, everything is fine. When it goes out quickly, then immediately get out upstairs and well ventilate the barrel of the well. You can carry out this operation with a fan or with a household vacuum cleaner equipped with a long hose.

1. Be sure to work in a helmet and carefully check the strength of the ropes used, as well as the reliability of the container handles for the excavated soil. Dodge in the narrow mine from a heavy object falling from a great height, you can not. Without proper protection, you may be injured.

Additional work

To increase the efficiency of the well and its aesthetics, you will need to do the following.

Bottom filter

The device of this element depends largely on the composition of the soil and the speed of filling the well with water.

1. When at the bottom of the structure there is a lot of liquid dirt and water accumulates quickly, then you first need to arrange wooden flooring with holes or gaps between the boards.
2. Next, lay in a 2/3 layer pillow of gravel or rubble.
3. The bottom of the layers, having a thickness of 10 cm, must be poured from the finest material.
4. After that pour 10 cm of crushed stone of medium size.
5. The upper layer of the pillow, of the same height, should consist of the largest material.
6. When the rock at the bottom of the mine remains dense, you can not do a pallet of boards.

The bottom filter is an excellent device for additional purification of water entering the well.

Wellhead and decorating well

The basis of the well tip must be made in the course of mine development. To this end, place the upper tier of concrete rings so that it rises above ground level by 60/80 cm. To avoid debris, dust and sediments in the well, cover it with any moisture-resistant material, and make a 20-cm clay pavement around the building .

In order for the well to carry not only a functional, but also a decorative load, it must be equipped with a superstructure and lining. In the first 10/12 months, this should not be done, because ring shrinkage should occur.

After a specified period of time, you can take up the add-on and decoration - to build a house and lining it, or simply to equip a beautiful canopy or roof. The question of how much it costs to build a well depends largely on this part of the work. After all, decorating the well may include the use of natural stone, artistic forging and other expensive materials.

Conclusion

Effectively working well on the site, you can build yourself. The main thing is to adhere precisely to the construction technology and to choose the right place for the construction. Watch the video in this article. It will give you a lot of additional knowledge.