Well in the country itself

The presence of an autonomous source of water supply in the country makes the conditions of stay as comfortable as possible. Having your own water supply at the cottage is a vital necessity, since you can power the house and provide water for the garden. Well in the country with their own hands - the task is quite feasible, even if you do not resort to the help of special organizations and special equipment, but this is if the well is shallow, otherwise, you can not do without the use of special means.

Choice of location and type of well

Before you drill a well, you need to determine its location. For shallow wells where, as a rule, there is no reliable overlapping of the aquifer with dense clays, you need to choose a place so that there are no cesspools, toilets, compost heaps within a radius of 30 m, otherwise you risk using polluted water. For deeper wells, in which reliable overlap can occur, this distance can be reduced to 15 m. If there is a dump, cattle clutch or cemetery within a radius of 3.5 km, then it is better to refuse a small well, in such cases it is necessary to drill an artesian well, which will have a reliable overlap of clays. All this can cost a lot of money, and besides, there should be free access to the drilling site for large-sized equipment (drilling machine, water-transport truck), so it is not always possible to drill manually or using a small-sized installation.

In order to be more or less sure that there will be water in the chosen drilling site, it is necessary to pay attention to vegetation when choosing a site. A good indicator of the availability of water are moisture-loving plants: burdock, yellow alfalfa, rogoza rogoza royzya paniculata. Often, the search for water is resorted to the method of biolocation (branch of a vine, frame).

To determine the type of well, you need to have information about the depth of the aquifer, its type, as well as how much water you need.

Drilling methods

There are several ways to drill a well, which can be produced independently, without resorting to the services of specialists. Drilling a well without special high-tech devices is justified if the aquifer is in the sands and lies shallow, on the order of 50 m. If the aquifer is represented by limestone or the depth of a future well exceeds 50 m all, will not work.

1. Shot-hole drilling with the help of a brat is an easy way to make a shallow hole with a diameter of up to 150 mm in soft rocks. To do this, you need to make a sink, a shock glass, install a tripod with a block. To facilitate the work, you can use a winch with a reset mechanism. The bile must be heavy to pass through thick layers of clay.
2. Hydraulic drilling - this method is applicable for wells of small diameter and on light soils without dense clay, but it will not work if there is a likelihood to meet a float on the way of drilling. Installation for hydroburning can be made of simple metal pipes with a diameter of 32 mm, which are connected by couplings. At the end of the first pipe, you need to weld the indent, and you need to weld the handles to the pipe to which the water supply hose is connected, by which, turning the pipe, we loosen the rock. For drilling, you also need a motor pump to supply water to the bottom of the face. Recycled water is used during drilling.
3. Manual auger drilling - suitable for shallow wells. Hand drill can be made from the usual fishing ice screws, you only need to make the rod for drilling from a metal pipe, which are connected with a pin.

Abyssinian well

One of the easiest and most inexpensive ways to extract water is to build an Abyssinian well, also called a well needle.

This metal column is assembled from individual segments of thick-walled galvanized pipes with a length from 1 m to 2 m, the pipes are interconnected by couplings. The first pipe, which is lowered into the well, has a cone-shaped tip 2 cm larger than the diameter of the pipe. At the bottom of the pipe, at a distance of 50 cm from the tip, holes are drilled with a diameter of 1 cm in 5 cm increments with a length of 1 m - this will be a filter. This section of the pipe should be wrapped with stainless steel with a diameter of 1.5 mm, and on top of it should be wrapped with two layers of stainless mesh with cells no more than 1 mm, better than the bowstick weave, the mesh increases the filtration area. The mesh should be pulled off with stainless steel clamps and for better filtering should be wrapped with geotextile and also secured with steel clamps. You can buy a ready-made set for an Abyssinian well in a store or on the market, or make it yourself. Using this well, you can get a flow rate of about 1 m³/hour.

Well driving

Abyssinian well can be filled in different ways, it all depends on the geological conditions and the available equipment.

Sledge hammering is the easiest, but not the most successful way. First you need to screw the coupling onto the pipe to be driven tightly with obligatory towing or FUM tape for better fixation, then twist a section of the pipe into the coupling, also with the towing - this will be a shock pipe. This segment must be twisted so that it touches the end of the pipe being driven. The blows are made on the shock tube, it will wrinkle a little, but this is not a problem. In order for the blows to be evenly distributed on all the walls of the well, a wooden bar is installed on top of the shock tube. Strikes should be applied strictly vertically, avoiding side impacts. With side impacts, you can break the threads on the pipes, this is a common problem with this method of driving. In this way, you can hammer a hole in light soils, since the impact force is small.

To drive a well with the help of a sliding head will need a backing - this is the most difficult element. It must securely encircle the pipe being driven as it is hit by the headstock. Crimping pads are made from two metal plates that are bolted together. The inner side of the plates has a groove with grooves for better coverage of the pipe. When blocking, the grandmother is raised and forcefully dropped down onto the sub-base; when lowering the pipe, the sub-base must be raised. With this method of driving, the force of impact is slightly weaker than in the version with the muffled grandma, as the backing, moving down, weakens the force of impact.

Before you make the Abyssinian well in a drive-in manner, you need to dig a hole about 0.5 m deep, install the first pipe with a tip and fill it with sand. During the blocking period, you need to constantly pour water into the pipe and watch how it leaves; this is how the aquifer is determined. When you reach the aquifer, the water should leave very quickly.

Water lifting equipment

For water intake from the well, either a surface pump or a submersible pump is used, less frequently airlift. What type of water-lifting equipment to choose depends on the following factors:

• borehole diameter;
• the depth of the dynamic level;
• well flow rate.

For an Abyssinian well, a submersible pump is definitely not suitable, since the minimum diameter of a pump can be at least 2 inches, and the diameter of such a well rarely exceeds 32 mm. The water supply from the Abyssinian well can be carried out using a hand pump or a surface centrifugal pump, sometimes these two options are combined. The variant of combining the manual and surface pumps is shown in the diagram.

Well Construction

How to equip a well depends on local conditions, a free site and finances. For the arrangement of the well is used the classic version - the caisson or more simple - the adapter. The device of the caisson is economically unprofitable in wells, planted on the sand, since the duration of such wells is small, and financial costs are significant.

If the site has a high level of groundwater, you need to use a plastic or metal caisson, and this is a very expensive pleasure. In such cases, the adapter is the best option for connecting the well, although it has its drawbacks. When using an adapter, the equipment will need to be installed separately, in a non-freezing room, plus it is problematic to withdraw a separate irrigation pipeline from the well. But based on the fact that the cottage, as a rule, is not operated all year round, it is economically justified to connect the well with an adapter.

Video

In this video, the author shows how he did not manually drill a well into the water in the mine for 3 hours:

A photo