Well water itself

Whatever goals the owners of land plots and country houses may pursue, acquiring them for use, they will be forced to decide the issue of water supply. The central water supply in the majority of not only holiday villages, but also rural settlements is a rare achievement in the organization of providing citizens with water. The real practical decision on the organization of water supply is the arrangement of its own autonomous well on the site. The process of drilling your own water source with the involvement of outside experts and the rig is relatively expensive. An alternative is a well to water with your own hands, although it should be noted that this is quite a laborious job.

Aquifers

The presence and quality of water in the strata varies depending on the depth of the aquifers.

1. The wells are 8–12 meters deep. Groundwater (upper water supply) does not fall into them, since the walls are formed from concrete rings.
2. Wells on sand lenses. Their depth reaches 15–30 meters. The pipe at the bottom of the well has a filter in the form of a grid through which water flows at a given depth. Debit wells up to 2 m³/hour. The service life of the well up to 5 years, if you consider its operation seasonally or intermittently. With continuous operation and periodic maintenance with a buildup of up to 15 years.
3. Artesian wells exceeding a depth of 15 meters depending on the occurrence of limestone. The debit of the well is not limited. Serves up to 50 years. Drilling a well only a special rig with a license.

Independent drilling of water wells is possible only in the first aquifer, which lies in a sand lens at a depth of up to 20 m.

Before drilling, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work. In place of the well, a hole 2 meters deep and 1.5 meters long is digging. This is necessary to prevent the loose layer of soil from shedding. The walls of the hole strengthen boards. A derrick is being built above the pit, which consists of several rods of scrap materials (like a triangular pyramid). The winch is attached to the base of the tower, and the block is at the top. Shallow wells can be drilled without a tower using compact drilling rigs.

Methods of drilling depend on the working tool used - the drill.

Drilling methods

1. Drilling with the help of auger is the most common and low-cost. Most small installations work with this type of drill. The drill represents a usual spiral spiral, the screw of Archimedes which during rotation takes out soil to a surface. The process is possible on dry and relatively soft soils; it does not require flushing the well with water during drilling.
2. Impact rotor drilling using a special drill pipe, at the end of which a tip is installed - a chisel. Drilling occurs when the drilling tool rotates while simultaneously pressing it onto the ground. A drilling fluid is supplied to the point of drilling to wash out the soil. The working fluid is supplied by a pump into the drill pipe, after which the washed out soil exits through the space between the pipe and the walls of the well (direct flushing). During backwashing, water flows between the pipe walls and the well and is pumped out through the drill pipe. Backwash allows you to more efficiently and accurately drill a well to the desired depth. However, this method requires expensive equipment, so for self-drilling use direct flushing.
3. Impact drilling with dredging zhelonkoy. The most time consuming and long drilling process. The drilling process consists in loosening the packed soil with a special projectile, which falls from a height and breaks the soil, after which it rises with the help of a winch and a rope to the top. The loosened soil is chosen by the scum. If the ground is soft, drilling is carried out directly by the sheath without crushing projectile. This method requires constant insulation of the soil wall by the casing immediately after the well has been deepened for a short distance. Casing pipes must be of large diameter. This method does not require the supply of water or drilling solution.

Knowing how to drill a well for water is not enough. It is necessary to equip and swing the well. The drilled well must be protected from the shedding of the soil. For the casing, large diameter pipes are used in which the pump with hoses should be placed. The lower part of the casing should have a filter that protects the pump from the ingress of large particles of soil. The space between the casing and the ground is covered with rubble to a level exceeding the filter. Further backfilling is carried out with sand. The pump immersed in the well is turned on and water is pumped out of the well until the water is clear.

Video

This informative video provides information on self-drilling: